Renewable Energy - 1335 Words

Topic Canada should subsidize renewable energy options such as wind and solar power in order to increase the share of renewables in Canada’s energy balance. Introduction Canada government subsidizes a number of socially beneficial services, including health care, education and energy services. Subsidies to the energy sector mainly are for oil and gas production, however, they are not all socially beneficial[figure 1]. In fact, they have negative impact for the environment and hinder developments of environmentally friendly alternative energy options. Indeed, Canada’s implementation of the Kyoto Protocol is seriously threatened by continued government support for oil and gas production, a sector with large and rapidly†¦show more content†¦However, it can also be problematic because it confuses an end (goods and services valued by consumers) with a means (labour)[3]. Increase in energy price will cause price distortion and result of inefficient production in the market, it tend to reduce consumers and producers’ net benefit, and it lead a higher production cost to domestic goods, which will become more costly to compete in the world market. Policy Implication In case to shift Canada’s energy balance toward renewable energy without externalities, we need government’s actions. One possible way is to raise tax on the amount of carbon emitted to the atmosphere. If taxes are appropriately calculated, they can help raise the marginal costs of producers of non-renewable energy to equal the social and environmental costs that their activities create. Countries such as Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Finland, Switzerland and the Netherlands have already adopted carbon taxes[3]. Sweden, for example, raises US$1 billion per year from its carbon tax and approximately US$10 billion per year in energy taxes, some of which is part of a â€Å"tax shift† that goes to help develop renewable energy[3]. Paul Anderson, the CEO of a major carbon-dioxide emitting power company in US, he said â€Å"reducing greenhouse gases has become a worldwide political and social imperative†¦ It is an imperati ve where AmericanShow MoreRelatedRenewable Energies : Renewable Energy980 Words   |  4 PagesRenewable Energies BHARC1403 - ICWS Rishabh Bhasin â€Æ' â€Å"I declare that this assessment is my own work and that the sources of information and material I have used (including the internet) have been fully identified and properly acknowledged as required in the referencing guidelines provided.† â€Æ' Introduction Renewable sources of energy are the ones that can never be exhausted as they are provided by nature. For example- solar, hydro, wind, biomass. They produce little or no pollution and henceRead MoreRenewable Energy : The Energy926 Words   |  4 PagesRenewable Energy Is it possible to live without energy? Lately, the consumption of energy is increasing due to the growth of the world population. In this technological era where all the devices work by using energy, the new humankind challenge is providing sufficient amounts of energy. At Yale University, Dr. Ronald Smith teaches some courses in the areas of meteorology, oceanography, fluid mechanics, atmospheric physics, applied mathematics, mesoscale dynamics, environmental remote sensing. InRead MoreRenewable Energy : Renewable Resources1944 Words   |  8 PagesRenewable energy: energy in which comes from natural resources that are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat (Bhatia, 2014). This essay is focused on the main three renewable energies, wind, sunlight, and water. Renewable resources are well on the way to out rule the fossil fuel industry because of the diminishing amount of fossil fuels left in the world and increase of renewable resource use, the damage fossil fuels do to the environment, and the variousRead MoreRenewable Resources For Renewable Energy Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pages Renewable Resources used to be a source that was futuristic and far beyond the time period. Fossil Fuels are damaging to the home that is named Earth. Americans should support the production of renewable resources because they are more efficient, the world will experience a decline in the emission of Fossil Fuels, and the use of of WWS (Wind, Water, Solar) Resources will produce a more resilient source when compared to the sources that in effect now. WWS Resources produce more efficiently thanRead MoreThe Energy, Clean Renewable Energy902 Words   |  4 Pagesseems to be right within humanities grasp? The answer is energy, clean renewable energy. With the increasing advances in modern society, as does the requirement of more energy becomes necessary. Currently humanity are facing a dilemma where humans are burning threw nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels, coal, natural gas, and oil faster than they can be replenished from a set stock. Civilization also faces problems stemming from harmful energy sources such as nuclear, and fossil fuels, etc. wereRead MoreEnergy Efficiency And Renewable Energy1975 Words   |  8 Pagessource of energy is the one that is inexhaustible and can also be naturally replenished and readily produced. The next step would be to develop that type of renewable energy efficiently while also distributing it more effectively. The most rational way to create and produce energy is to generate it renewa bly by utilizing naturally reoccurring resources. Perhaps, that is why energy efficiency and renewable energy are gaining more and more attention from the largest names in the financial, energy, and industrialRead MoreRenewable Energy: Is It the Solution?1571 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Renewable energy is considered a revolutionary thing, something that can save us from peak oil and climate change, but is it really what it seems? Renewable energy can help ease our predicament. There are multiple ways to achieve this, including the use of newer, greener technologies such as wind, solar power, and biomass. The purpose of this paper is to educate, theorize, and discuss various aspects of renewable energy, such as its history, development, and the advantages and disadvantagesRead MoreEssay on Renewable Energy873 Words   |  4 PagesSoutheast Polk High School opened they added many new energy saving products. This included installing geothermal heating under the high school cutting back on the cost of heating such a large building. Many new windows help save on energy used to light the building along with automatic lights that turn off after several minutes without movement. The new high school shows how easy it is to save money and help the environment. Renewable energy is good for all aspects of the U.S, providing jobs, economicalRead MoreEnergy Sources Of Renewable Energy1944 Words   |  8 PagesExecutive Summary The development of renewable and alternative energy is becoming more and more necessary as the traditional fossil fuel energy is a non-renewable energy and can cause various environmental problems such as the global warming effect. However, the challenge today in generating alternative energy is to find a cost effective way while has the smallest harmful environmental impacts. Developing bioenergy have the advantage of reducing greenhouse gas emission while creating great economicRead MoreRenewable Energy Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesStudyonlinenow Renewable Energy Is Only Part of the Best Way to Prevent Climate Change In our present life we are going through two of the main hazardous changes on the Earth, global warming and greenhouse affects. We want mankind to survive for a very long time, but if we keep using non-renewable energies the way we do, do you think we will be able to survive for a long time? I strongly believe that renewable energy is only part of the best way to prevent climate change. In this essay I

King Lear A Tragic Hero Free Essays

King Lear: A Tragic Hero Bibliography w/2 sources Tragedy is defined in Webster? s New Collegiate Dictionary as 1) a medieval narrative poem or tale typically describing the downfall of a great man or 2) a serious drama typically describing a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force, such as destiny, and having a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion that excites pity or terror. The play of King Lear is one of William Shakespeare? s great tragic pieces, it is not only seen as a tragedy in itself, but also a play that includes two tragic heroes and four villains. In the tragedy of King Lear the tragic hero must not be all good or all bad, error of judgement deprives the hero, the use of two tragic characters intensifies the tragedy, the tragedy begins not by character but by action and through their suffering the tragic heroes gain insights. We will write a custom essay sample on King Lear: A Tragic Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now We must be able to identify ourselves with the tragic hero if he is to inspire fear, for we must feel that what happens to him could happen to us. If Lear was completely evil, we would not be fearful of what happens to him: he would merely be repulsive. But Lear does inspire fear because, like us, he is not completely upright, nor is he completely wicked. He is foolish and arrogant, it is true, but later he is also humble and compassionate. He is wrathful, but at times, patient. Because of his good qualities, we experience pity for him and feel that he does not deserve the severity of his punishment. His actions are not occasioned by any corruption or depravity in him, but by an error in judgment, which, however, does arise from a defect of character. Lear has a tragic flaw, which is egotism. It is his egotism in the first scene that causes him to make his error in judgment of dividing his kingdom and losing Cordelia. Throughout the rest of the play, the consequences of this error slowly and steadfastly increase until Lear is destroyed. There must be a change in the life of the tragic hero; he must pass from happiness to misery. Lear, as seen in Act I, has everything a man should want – wealth, power, peace, and a state of well being. Because a tragic character must pass from happiness to misery, he must be seen at the beginning of the play as a happy man, surrounded by good fortune. Then, the disasters that befall him will be unexpected and will be in direct contrast to his previous state. In King Lear the two tragic characters, a king and an earl, are not ordinary men. To have a man who is conspicuous endure suffering brought about because of his own error is striking. The fear aroused for this man is of great importance because of his exalted position. His fall is awesome and overwhelming. When tragedy, as in Lear, happens to two such men, the effect is even greater. To intensify the tragedy of King Lear, Shakespeare has not one but two tragic characters and four villains. As we have seen, the sub-plot, concerning Gloucester, Edmund, and Edgar, augments the main plot. Gloucester undergoes physical and mental torment because he makes the same mistake that Lear does. Like Lear, Gloucester is neither completely good nor completely bad. There is, for instance, coarseness in the earl, who delights in speaking of his adultery. But he has good qualities as well. He shows, for instance, concern for Kent in the stocks, and he risks his life to help Lear. Gloucester’s punishment, his blindness, parallel’s Lear’s madness. These two tragic stories unfolding at the same time give the play a great eminence. The important element in tragedy is action, not character. It is the deeds of men that bring about their destruction. Lear calls upon the â€Å"great gods,† Edgar and Kent blame Fortune, and Gloucester says that the gods â€Å"kill us for their sport† (IV. i. 37). But in reality the calamities that befall both Lear and Gloucester occur because of the actions of these men. Their actions, it is true, grow out of their characters: both are rash, unsuspecting, and vengeful. But the actions themselves are the beginnings of their agony, for these actions start a chain of events that lead to ultimate catastrophe. A tragic hero gains insight through suffering. Neither Lear nor Gloucester realizes he has committed an error until he has suffered. Lear’s suffering is so intense that it drives him mad; it is in this desolate health that he fully realizes his mistake in giving the kingdom to his two savage daughters and disowning the one daughter who loves him. It is not until Gloucester has been blinded that he learns the truth about his two sons. These two characters learn to endure their suffering. When Gloucester’s attempt to commit suicide fails, he decides to bear his affliction until the end. In his madness Lear learns to endure his agony. Later, when he knows he is to be imprisoned, he maintains this misfortune with a passive calmness. He has grown spiritually through painfully achieved self-knowledge and through Cordelia’s love. Tragedy in King Lear is not only seen through itself but, also through the character of the King and other characters. The Play of King Lear is a great tragic play that many tragedies try to compare to. How to cite King Lear: A Tragic Hero, Essay examples

Services Marketing Dramaturgical Perspective

Question: Discuss about the Services Marketing for Dramaturgical Perspective. Answer: Introduction: A business is consists of two operations, one operates the business organisation from inside and other operates from the outside. As a part of hotel industry, I have analysed the front and back stage operations of Crown Metropol Perth hotel in Australia. The purpose of the study is to analyse the service encounters of the hotel as well as the managerial implications to understand the front and back stage operations. Flowchart Flow Chart (Source: created by author) Front stage Front stage operations refer to the activities that an organisation execute to interact with the clients directly (Wilson et al., 2012). Therefore, the activities regarding the marketing, sales and service or product delivery is included in the part of front stage operations. In this hotel of Australia, some specific group of members does these front stage operations. I have analysed the internal operations of the Crown Metropol Perth hotel, which is situated in Perth of Australia and renowned as one of the luxurious hotels of the country. The entire staff members of the hotel execute the front stage operations of this hotel. The staffs from the reception to the room service provider all are included in this operation. When a guest enters into the hotel from that time, the front stage staffs become active to serve that guest. The Receptionist always serves a guest first, and then the Helpdesk appears to help to solve any problems or queries (Fisk, 2013). The entire staffs of the hotel including the waiters and room service are always ready to help the guest directly with their services. I have gained the practical knowledge of this front stage through analysing this hotels internal operations. Backstage In an organisation, the back stage operations refer to the support process of the activities that are followed and undertaken to deliver the front stage operation properly (Lovelock Patterson, 2015). Therefore, these activities include the administrative operations of the managers and higher authority of any organisation. I have examined the back stage operations of this hotel to analyse the activities of the administrative to run the front stage operations smoothly. The staffs of the kitchen, who serve the foods of the hotel and serve to the guest rooms, are the main part of this back stage operations. The operations of the kitchen staffs for providing the foods to the guests on time are one of the essential parts of the back stage operation. Along with this, the other activities of the internal such as the waste cleaning staffs, room management staffs, managers of the hotel and the staffs who works from the background of the hotel. These are the back stage operations in a hotel, which I have examined after being a part of this hotel. Significance of Service Encounter The service encounter refers to the interaction procedures that are undertaken between the clients and the service providers. This is the interaction of the service organisations with the customers as well as the contact personnel (Hoque, 2013). The service organisation is here the hotel, which I have taken for the analysis of the culture and empowerment of the organisation. The organisation has a belief about the system that contributes to the core values and mission. Therefore, the relationship of the customers and the management is very essential for any organisational industry. In this hotel, the relationship between customers and the organisation is maintained properly. Therefore, the hotel organisation tries to maintain a good relationship with the customers to increase their business profitability. The Customer Relationship is the process to maintain the relationship with the consumers. In this hotel, the consumers mainly lead the organisation. Therefore, the hotel management always try to develop a good relationship with the clients by providing good service. According to Grosbois, (2012), healthy relationship with the customers can increase the profitability of the overall business. If the staffs of the hotel can provide a good service to the customers then they will get good review from them that will helps to increase their popularity in the hotel industry. Good relationship of the organisation and the customers will develop healthy business environments that will bring lasting benefits to the organisation. In this case, the Crown Metropol Perth hotel will increase the competitive advantage of the hotel in the market. This good relation will bring the customers satisfaction, which is very important for any business organisation (Rogers et al., 2016). As the hotel industry is fully dependent on the customers, therefore, the customers should be satisfied. This is the main priority of the hotels to satisfy their customers. Therefore, a proper customer satisfaction will be the main priority of the hotel to gain the business opportunities. This has the opportunity to increase the trust of the customers, which is very essential for retaining the customers and to increase the customers numbers (Artto et al., 2016). Moreover, a good customers relationship management enhance the ability to target profitable consumers as well as improve the overa ll marketing of the particular hotel. I have analysed the service encounter in the hotel and experienced how a development of good relationship can help to increase the overall business profitability. Analysis of Managerial Implications The management is the important part of any business organisation that can increase the profitability and reputation of the organisation, likewise can ruin the reputation of a business if the management take a wrong decision (Trivedi Tripathi, 2015). Therefore, managerial implications are the very essential part of any organisation that affects on the outcome of the business. In this case, I have analysed the managerial implications on the context of the hotel in which I have participation. Therefore, I can understand the managerial impacts of the higher authority of this Crown Metropol Perth hotel. The important responsibilities of the managers in the hotel industry are to implementing proper strategies to improve the business situation towards positivity, which can be possible with a good group of managerial authority. A manager should have some qualities that will improve the internal procedures of the organisation. One of the main qualities that a manager of a hotel should have is keeping the performance log for every employee in the organisation. The performance of every employee should be analysed properly that the performance of any employee could not affect the overall performance of the organisation (Roth, 2013). The managers always judge the employees about their performance level that they can improve their work performance to improve the overall business potential. Additionally, the most important quality that a manager required to have is marinating the good relation with the employees. I have realised one thing that if the manager cannot understand the problems and opportunities of the employees, then the employees cannot express their views about anything before the higher authority. Therefore, the quality of managing a good relationship with the employees is very essential to get an improved business results. The manager should have the quality of giving feedback to the employees perfectly (Haksever Render, 2013). They have to know the way of giving feedback in accurate way. The feedback should be accurate, not be moderate or on any casual basic. The feedback always should be on business oriented and consistence. In this case, the hotel has to possess a good managerial support that can improve the back stage operations that will make smoother the front stage operations. Conclusion While concluding the study, I have analysed the front stage and back stage operation of Crown Metropol Perth hotel to examine the operations of a hotel industry. This study has made me realised that all the operations is related to each other to improve the overall business of an organisation. Reference List Artto, K., Ahola, T., Vartiainen, V. (2016). From the front end of projects to the back end of operations: Managing projects for value creation throughout the system lifecycle.International Journal of Project Management,34(2), 258-270. de Grosbois, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility reporting by the global hotel industry: Commitment, initiatives and performance.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(3), 896-905. Fisk, R. P. (2013). Lmpression Management 26 In Services Marketing: A Dramaturgical Perspective.Impression management in the organization, 427. Haksever, C., Render, B. (2013).Service Management: An Integrated Approach to Supply Chain Management and Operations. FT Press. Hoque, K. (2013).Human resource management in the hotel industry: Strategy, innovation and performance. Routledge. Lovelock, C., Patterson, P. (2015).Services marketing. Pearson Australia. Rogers, H., Shaikh, A., Faraj, O. A., Hasan, A. (2016, January). Buoyancy Technology Used Effectively in Casing Running Operations: Case History of Record Length Two-Stage Production Casing String. InSPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Roth, S. M. (2013). Stage operations and the mails in new jersey. Trivedi, P., Tripathi, R. P. (2015, May). Design analysis of 16 bit RISC processor using low power pipelining. InComputing, Communication Automation (ICCCA), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 1294-1297). IEEE. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., Gremler, D. D. (2012).Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.

Las Vegas More Than a Gambling Hub free essay sample

A focus on the U.S. city of Las Vegas and its features outside the gambling world. This paper sheds light on the land of temptation known as Las Vegas. While the city has earned fame by being one of the biggest gambling centers in the world, still it is important to understand that the place has a lot to offer to those visitors too whose idea of fun doesnt include squandering money. This paper shows how Las Vegas turned into the fastest growing city of the United States both in terms of economy and population during the mid-1980s and but while the former brought huge investment into the city, the latter led to numerous problems which are commonly associated with a rapidly growing urban center. The paper focuses on all the things that keep Las Vegas in the news. The city earned its reputation as a gambling town in the fifties and sixties when its ever-sprouting casinos attracted the not-so-decent crowd and it was believed that the city was good for those who wanted some adult fun on the weekends. We will write a custom essay sample on Las Vegas: More Than a Gambling Hub or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But all that has changed now, not only has it become a major vacation resort, there are actually some people who would love to call this once-wicked town their home. One thing has remained unchanged though, the city with its Disney-like magic and lure and its almost surreal magnificence aims to attract adult visitors only. Just like Disney would lure the young kids to its magical world, similarly this land of vicious temptations is meant primarily for adults.

Why It Is Harder to Rinse Off Soap With Soft Water

Why It Is Harder to Rinse Off Soap With Soft Water Do you have hard water? If you do, you may have a water softener to help protect your plumbing from scale buildup, prevent soap scum, and lessen the amount of soap and detergent needed for cleaning. Youve probably heard that cleaners work better in soft water than in hard water, but does that mean you will feel cleaner if you bathe in soft water? Actually, no. Rinsing in soft water may leave you feeling a little slippery and soapy, even after a thorough rinsing. Why? The answer lies in understanding the chemistry of soft water and soap. The Hard Facts of Hard Water Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions. Water softeners remove those ions by exchanging them for sodium or potassium ions. Two factors contribute to that slippery-when-wet feeling you get after soaping up with soft water. First, soap lathers better in soft water than in hard water, so its easy to use too much. The more dissolved soap there is, the more water you need to rinse it away. Second, the ions in softened water lessen its ability to stick to the soap molecules, making it more difficult to rinse the cleanser off your body. Chemical Reaction The reaction between a triglyceride molecule (fat) and sodium hydroxide (lye) to make soap yields a molecule of glycerol with three ionically bonded molecules of sodium stearate (the soap part of soap). This sodium salt will give up the sodium ion to water, while the stearate ion will precipitate out of solution if it comes into contact with an ion that binds it more strongly than sodium (such as the magnesium or calcium in hard water). The magnesium stearate or calcium stearate is a waxy solid that you know as soap scum. It can form a ring in your tub, but it rinses off your body. The sodium or potassium in soft water makes it much more unfavorable for the sodium stearate to give up its sodium ion so that it can form an insoluble compound and get rinsed away. Instead, the stearate clings to the slightly charged surface of your skin. Essentially, soap would rather stick to you than get rinsed away in soft water. Addressing the Problem There are a few ways you can address the problem: You can use less soap, try a synthetic liquid body wash (synthetic detergent or syndet), or rinse with naturally soft water or rainwater, which probably wont contain elevated levels of sodium or potassium.

16 Misquoted Quotations

16 Misquoted Quotations 16 Misquoted Quotations 16 Misquoted Quotations By Mark Nichol Many quotations attributed to famous people are at best paraphrases though often superior to the original. Others might be subtly altered in the retelling, sometimes with little impact on their effect, at other times irresponsibly changing the meaning. Here is a selection of well-known sayings or writings that aren’t quite accurate (followed by a couple that are but are mistakenly identified as erroneous): 1. â€Å"Be the change you wish to see in the world.† This quotation attributed to Gandhi is a later invention by an unknown person, likely inspired by the following passage: â€Å"As a man changes his own nature, so does the attitude of the world change towards him. . . . We need not wait to see what others do.† 2. â€Å"First they ignore you. Then they laugh at you. Then they attack you. Then you win.† Gandhi was also credited with this pithy progression, but something like it was actually uttered in a speech at a union meeting in the United States in 1914: â€Å"First they ignore you. Then they ridicule you. And then they attack you and want to burn you. And then they build monuments to you.† 3. â€Å"Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned.† This is an amended version of a line by playwright William Congreve, who flourished around the turn of the eighteenth century. The actual comment is â€Å"Heaven has no rage like love to hatred turned / Nor hell a fury like a woman scorned.† 4. â€Å"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.† As with many of these lines, the person to whom it is attributed in this case, Voltaire, perhaps would have wished he had been so eloquent. This ringing pronouncement, however, derives not from the French philosopher’s own pen, but from an early-twentieth-century biography of him. 5. â€Å"Methinks the lady doth protest too much.† This is a slightly recast alteration of Queen Gertrude’s response to Hamlet’s query about how his mother likes the play he has, unbeknownst to her, scripted to prompt a guilty reaction from her and King Claudius, who Hamlet believes conspired to murder his father. She is saying that the character of the queen is trying too hard to appear innocent. The original, no better or worse merely measured differently is â€Å"The lady doth protest too much, methinks.† 6. â€Å"Money is the root of all evil.† This alteration of a biblical verse, by omitting a vital element of the original, changes the meaning significantly. The verse actually reads, â€Å"For the love of money is the root of all evil.† 7. â€Å"Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely.† This misquotation lacks the equivocation of British historian Lord Action’s actual statement, â€Å"Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely† and omits the blunt next sentence: â€Å"Great men are almost always bad men.† 8. â€Å"Music hath charms to soothe the savage beast.† The actual quote, from the same play from which the line in the third entry above is taken, is â€Å"Music hath charms to soothe a savage breast.† The next line, elaborating on the theme, is â€Å"To soften Rocks, or bend a knotted Oak.† 9. â€Å"Nice guys finish last.† Legendary baseball manager Leo Durocher wasn’t making a blanket statement when he uttered these four words. They are a contracted repetition of his assessment of a baseball team’s prospects for the season. The entire quotation is â€Å"All nice guys. They’ll finish last. Nice guys finish last.† 10. â€Å"No rest for the wicked.† This line, uttered jocularly by a busy person, perhaps as an excuse for departing, is probably inspired by the biblical verse â€Å"There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked.† 11. â€Å"Now is the winter of our discontent.† These first few words of Shakespeare’s Richard III are often expressed to mean â€Å"The present time is the winter of our discontent.† What the titular character means, however, is made clear by including the second part of the statement, which demonstrates that the phrase is merely a preface to the counterpoint of a reference to better times: â€Å"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun of York.† 12. â€Å"Pride comes before a fall.† This is a contracted version of the biblical verse â€Å"Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall.† 13. â€Å"Reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated.† Mark Twain’s actual comment is more straightforward: â€Å"The report of my death is an exaggeration.† In addition, the statement is in reference not to a prematurely printed obituary but to a reporter’s inquiry about his health. 14. â€Å"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.† This quotation is a vast improvement over this vaguely similar statement by Irish-born British statesman Edmund Burke: â€Å"When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall one by one, an unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle.† 15. â€Å"Theirs but to do or die.† The legendary phrase from Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s â€Å"The Charge Of The Light Brigade† has a subtly but significantly different penultimate word. The entire line reads, â€Å"Theirs not to reason why / Theirs but to do and die.† 16. â€Å"Water, water everywhere, and not a drop to drink.† The line from Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† has been tidied up a bit. The original is â€Å"Water, water, every where, / Nor any drop to drink.† Two other well-known statements considered to be misquotes are actually later versions of lesser-known comments. Winston Churchill’s phrase â€Å"Blood, sweat, and tears,† widely believed to be an erroneous version of â€Å"I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat,† is actually a more concise and euphonious update of the more extended form. By the same token, â€Å"I laughed all the way to the bank† is an alleged misquotation (and misunderstanding of Liberace’s quip â€Å"I cried all the way to the bank,† but he actually did use laughed in response to a poor review of a financially successful concert of his. When he later won a lawsuit with compensation stemming from a newspaper’s veiled contention that he was gay (the nerve!), he altered the earlier utterance with a change of verb to reply to a query about whether the accusation made him distraught. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Words with More Than One SpellingThe Possessive ApostropheCharles's Pen and Jesus' Name

The television show AMERICAN IDOL. is a good show. and why it a good Essay

The television show AMERICAN IDOL. is a good show. and why it a good show - Essay Example Exploring the spontaneity aspects of the show, how much of it is truly spontaneous and what parts are orchestrated is a topic of speculation (Shale 2006). The competition’s initial rounds attract tens of thousands of hopeful artists who are screened and only dozens move on to the rounds in Hollywood. In these initial auditions, a mix of expectant artists are showcased comprise of some bizarre acts, very poor singing talent along with those who are chosen for the rounds in Hollywood. The viewers are granted the experience of watching spontaneity at its epitome with bizarre and awful performances such as the portrayal of Lady Marmalade in season one and a contestant dressed as the Statue of Liberty in the latest season’s auditions. While one may wonder whether such self-delusioned people are for real, viewers will no doubt agree that such eccentricities add to the reality show’s appeal. While spontaneity of the contestants is one aspect, the judges themselves add to the drama of the show by blunt and harsh criticisms and unsuppressed dismays expressed verbally and with their dramatic facial expressions. The three judges of the show, Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul and Randy Jackson portrays three different personal styles with Simon coming across as the most critical and harsh of them with controversial remarks which even raise public backlashes. As per Tom Shales, in his article, Americas Winning Losers†¦ â€Å"when the show started, this aspect of it seemed awfully mean-spirited -- humiliation television, cruelty as entertainment† (Shales 2006). However, it has to be accepted that the viewing audience sees such brutal remarks by Simon as "You look like the Incredible Hulks wife" as an essential element of the formula which makes Idol the success it is. Squabbling between the judges themselves on disagreements on who they

A report about marks & spencer food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

A report about marks & spencer food - Essay Example The competitive retail industry landscape has provided the company with the expertise to devise managerial strategies that help in retaining a healthy market share and ensure the return of customers to their stores. The company has improvised its strategies in tune with changing times and introduced new brands and divisions in the retail market segment. The food division is one of the launches that have earned the company a good deal of revenue over the years. The organization started its food division in the year 1931 when they introduced a food department to sell produced and canned food. This was followed by the introduction of cafà © bars providing cheap and hygienic food to the people shopping at their complex. The food division slowly expanded to include various cuisines catering to global tastes and changing habits. The food division of M&S has become a vital part of the retail store business contributing to nearly 51 percent of the total sales and revenues (M&S, 2009). Marks and Spencer was founded by Michael Marks and Tom Spencer in the 1880s as a partnership venture. The partnership was formed in the year 1894 and opened penny price stalls at various locations to attract customers by offering them goods at low price. Sir Stuart Rose is the present Chairman of the M&S group while the food division is headed by John Dixon. The company is currently a shareholding establishment The Marks and Spencer group is primarily involved in the retailing of clothes, food and home products. Clothing products include women’s wear, men’s wear, kids clothing and lingerie. Besides clothing the group also retails cosmetic products, household products, and host of other daily needs consumer goods. The clothing and household articles account for nearly 49 percent of the total revenues. The remaining 51 percent of the revenues come from the food division (M&S,

History of the Old Testament Essay Example for Free

History of the Old Testament Essay Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, a virgin will be with child and bear a son, and she will call His name Immanuel. He will eat curds and honey at the time He knows enough to refuse evil and choose good. For before the boy will know enough to refuse evil and choose good, the land whose two kings you dread will be forsaken. I. Historical context of Isaiah 7:14-16 The historical setting is critical to the account since the prophet supplies it and the oracle draws on its timing. With a close study of the events referred to we may date the oracle in this chapter to 734 B. C. (Ross,Allen) It was when the ruthless Assyrian conqueror, on the throne is Tiglathpileser III, a ruthless and powerful king was terrorizing the all other nations, and Judah, unwilling to join in a coalition against him, was attacked by Israel and Syria, the ancient Aramaea , with its main city in Damascus, and Ephraim, the northern Israelite state, with its main city Samaria and therefore, King Ahaz when he heard of this coalition was thinking seriously of inviting Assyrian help(Tiglathpileser III). It must be pointed out that the whole purpose was to dissuade King Ahaz from embarking a wrong course of action, namely, that of relying upon Assyria rather than upon the Lord. In the name of Jehovah, it was this moment the prophet commences with a historical announcement. Isaiah 7:1 says It came to pass, in the days of Ahaz son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, that Rezin the king of Aramaea, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to war against it, and could not make war against it. The Syrian king Rezin had come up against Jerusalem and with him was Pekah of Israel. Their purpose was to wage war, but unable to besiege it the prophecy of the chapter is amazingly accurate. The sign that a boy was about to be born is the pivotal point. Before he would be old enough to tell right from wrong, that is, about 12 years old, the enemies would not only be defeated but cease to exist. According to history, Shalmaneser V (the successor to Tiglathpileser) campaigned against the land and besieged Samaria. He died in the duration and was succeeded by Sargon II who completed the destruction of the northern state in 722 or 721 B. C. So the oracle in Isaiah 7 could be dated about twelve years before that destruction in 722 B. (Ross, Allen ) II. Literary Context of Isaiah 7:14-16 Therefore the Lord Himself give you a sign: Behold, a virgin will be with child and bear a son, and she will call His name Immanuel. He will eat curds and honey at the time He knows enough to refuse evil and choose good. The word therefore signifies that something had taken place before the incident forwarded here in verse 14, and inasmuch as the wicked king in hypocritical fashion rejects the opportunity of asking for a sign, then he lost the privilege of asking a sign in his own favor. Instead the Lord Himself will give a sign, and this one of His own choosing, announcing the birth of a wondrous Child as the sign of deliverance, and making the infancy of that Child the measure of the time that Judah is yet to suffer affliction, before the time of deliverance will come. Yet as we have seen because of Ahaz unbelief after the comfortable promises made to him as a branch of the house of David, what took place was a terrible threatening against him, as a degenerate branch of that house; for though the God was patience and His loving kindness shall not be utterly taken away, for the sake of David and the covenant made with, yet his inequity shall be dealt with the rod, and his sin with stripes. In fulfillment of the prophecy, the Egyptians and the Assyrians filled the land in their war with each other. Devastation from this war severely tested the people, so that nothing grew in the fields, and the survivors had to rely on curds and honey. This led up to and included the invasion of 701 B. C. under Sennacherib, the next Assyrian king, when Hezekiah was on the throne in Jerusalem, and 200,000 people from Judah were carried off into captivity. As we shall see, the details of the Assyrian crisis are very accurately prophesied in these oracles (Ross, Allen_______ Young, E. J. 1993). III. Commentary on Isaiah 7:14-16 Isaiah 7:14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. Since the King did not ask for a sign that the land shall be delivered from the enemies, Yahweh will furnish one unasked. Yahweh will not withhold it because a proud and contemptuous King refuses to seek it. The LORD himself, He will do it and not hindered though it is rejected and despised; he will do it because of its necessity for the welfare of the nation, and for the confirmation of his religion, to furnish a demonstration to the people that he is the only true God. It is clearly implied here, that the emphasis is that the sign should be such as Yahweh alone could give. If this refers to the birth of a child, then it means that this was an event which could be known only to God, and which could be accomplished only by his agency. If it refers to the miraculous conception and birth of the Messiah, then it means that that was an event which none but God could accomplish. Shall give you, primarily refers to the house of David; the king and royal family of Judah. It was especially designed to assure the government that the kingdom would be safe. Doubtless, however, the word you is designed to include the nation, or the people of the kingdom of Judah. It would be so public a sign, and so clear a demonstration, as to convince them that their city and land must be ultimately safe. A sign, a pledge; a token; an evidence of the fulfillment of what is predicted. The word does not, of necessity, denote a miracle, though it is often so applied; see the notes at Isaiah 7:11. But rather it means a proof, a demonstration, a certain indication that what he had said should come to its fulfillment. Behold this interjection serves to designate persons and things; places and actions. It is used in lively descriptions, and animated discourse; or when anything unusual was said, or occurred; it means, that an event was to occur which demanded the attention of the unbelieving King, and the regard of the people-an event which would be a full demonstration of what the prophet had said. A virgin, it is used in its obvious natural sense, to denote a young, unmarried female. The derivatives are applied to youth; to young men; to young women-to those who are growing up, and becoming youths. This virgin as used in his word properly means a girl, maiden, virgin, a young woman who is unmarried, and who is of marriageable age. And shall call his name, it was usual for mothers to give names to their children. The idea is, it is the appropriate name that would be given to the child. Although another name was also given to this child, expressing substantially the same thing, with a circumstantial difference. Immanuel a Hebrew name which means God with us the name is designed to denote that God would be with the nation as its protector, and the birth of this child would be a sign or pledge of it. The name, Immanuel, denotes nothing more than divine aid and protection. Others have supposed, however, that the name must denote the assumption of our nature by God in the person of the Messiah, that is, that God became man. The true interpretation is, that no argument to prove that can be derived from the use of the name; but when the fact of the incarnation has been demonstrated from other sources, the name is appropriately expressive of that event. ( Barnes, 1997). Isaiah 7:15 He will eat curds and honey at the time He knows enough to refuse evil and choose good. (NASV) Young( ), showed that the infancy of the promised Messiah is made the measure of the time that Judah will be in danger from her two enemies. This thought namely, namely the duration of a period of difficulty, is expressed symbolically in that Immanuel iws pictured as subsisting during His infancy on curds and honey, which was symbolical royal diet. From the time of His birth, supposedly, the Child will eat this peculiar food, and at the time when He can discern between good and evil, rejecting the one and choosing the other, He will be eating these things. At an early age a child learns to reject evil and to choose good, or at least to distinguish between the two. Thus, by means of this measure, we learn that the affliction or desolation of the two enemy kings is short-lived, possibly only two or three years. The reference may be to what is injurious or useful in life but in the light of the usage of this phrase in Genesis 2, it clearly refers also to what is morally good and evil. Isaiah 7:16 For before the boy will know enough to refuse evil and choose good, the land whose two kings you dread will be forsaken. (NASV) The land that you dread, the land concerning which thou art so much alarmed or distressed; that is, the united land of Syria and Ephraim. Refers to one land, because they were united then in a firm alliance, so as to constitute, in fact, or for the purposes of invasion and conquest, one people or nation. The phrase, which you dread, means properly, which thou loathes, the primary idea of the word being to feel a nausea, or to throw up. It then means to fear, or to feel alarm; and this, probably, is the meaning here. Ahaz, however, evidently looked upon the nations of Syria and Samaria with disgust, as well as with alarm. The meaning of the land is that the kings themselves were the objects of dislike or dread; and not merely that the two kings should be removed, but that the land itself was threatened with desolation. This construction is an exegetical kind which agrees with the idiom of the Hebrew. (Barnes, 1993) IV Summary of Isaiah 7:14-16 As a summary of these three verses it was shown that in verse 14 Isaiah made a proclamation that the Lord will give a sign. This seeing of the virgin is not with with the physical eyes, Isaiah have not seen the Messiah in His physical birth, but in vision. In vision, then, the prophet beholds the virgin with child. An in the birth of this son, the presence of God is manifest in a most unique way. The fourteenth verse constitutes a sure and a definite fulfillment of the prophecy of the birth of Immanuel. With verse 15 the prophet proceeds to show that the infancy of the Messiah a symbolical representation of the fact that the threat which overhung Judah would be short-lived. This he does by picturing the child in vision eating royal food (according to commentator Young which I prefer to use in this summary). The child will eat this food, symbol of threat and desolation; yet before He reaches the age where He knows the difference between good and evil, the two kings which Ahaz dreads will forsake the land of Israel, and there will be nothing more for him to fear from them. The prophetical naming of this child having thus had its accomplishment, no doubt this, which was further added concerning him, should have its accomplishment likewise, that Syria and Israel should be deprived of both their kings. One mercy from God encourages us to hope for another, if it engages us to prepare for another. BIBLIOGRAPHY Barnes Notes, Barnes and Nobles Commentary. Electronic Database. (Copyright (c) 1997 by Biblesoft) Ross, Allen. â€Å"A Call for Faith and the Sign for Emmanuel†. Bible. Org http://www. bible. org/page. php? page_id=2088 Young, E. J. â€Å"The Book of Isaiah: A Commentary†. (Michigan:William B. Eerdsman Publishing Company, 1993)

Derek Jarman’s film Blue Essay -- Film Movie Movies AIDS Essays

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Al Capone and the Prohibition

In the United States, the Prohibition marked the time when the production and sake of alcohol was banned.   This ban was the result of the perception that alcohol was a moral and social threat.   The Prohibition sought to decrease crimes and other unlawful acts.Unfortunately, the end result was the opposite of the objective.   Crimes increased, as people clamored for illegal alcohol.   The situation also caused the domination of gangsters, which provided the banned commodity.   Among all gangsters who played a role in the Prohibition, Al Capone was the most influential.   This research paper aims to discuss Al Capone and his effect on the Prohibition.The Prohibition was also known as the Noble Experiment (Kerr 564; McWilliams).   The period spanned 13 years, from 1920 to 1933 (Kerr 564; McWilliams; Poholek).   During this time, the  Ã‚   â€Å"manufacture, transportation and sale† of alcoholic beverages were banned (Clark 1; â€Å"Prohibition†; Kerr 56 4; Poholek).   The term â€Å"prohibition† was used to identify the moments in history when the alcoholic ban was in effect (Clark 1).In 19th century America, especially 1820s, citizens of the United States were consuming an average of seven gallons of alcohol per person every year (Clark 1).   This statistic had begun to bother political and religious figures alike.   They believed that alcoholic beverages were threatening society's institutions, especially the family and the community (Clark 1; Kerr 564).   Alcohol was considered as the â€Å"devil's advocate,† the cause of poverty, crime and death (Poholek).As a result, the Anti-Saloon League of America (ASL) was formed; this group brought the alcohol question in the political arena (Clark 1).   By 1916, U.S. Congress was dominated by dry members who were backed by ASL.   Supporters of the Prohibition were called â€Å"dry,† while opponents were referred to as â€Å"wets† (Clark 1; Kerr 564 ).   In 1917, the 18th Amendment was proposed; the amendment was about the prohibition of alcohol (Clark 2; â€Å"Prohibition†).   Two years later, the Volstead Act was passed to enforce the amendment (Clark 2; Poholek).   The Prohibition officially began on January 16, 1920 (Clark 2; Poholek).On the contrary, the Prohibition was characterized by the very elements it sought to avoid.   In the words of Mark Thorton: â€Å"Prohibition did not achieve its goals.   Instead, it added to the problems it was intended to solve† (qtd. in Poholek).   The deprivation of alcohol in American society exacerbated the social problems.   Despite the ban, the consumption of alcohol was at an all time high (McWilliams).   The period was also characterized by utmost disregard for law and an increase in crime rates (Clark 2).   The Prohibition failed in its endeavor, and in the process, made matters worse.The Prohibition actually paved the way for gangsters to gain power and authority.   Since alcohol was made illegal, the gangs found the situation as an opportunity to conduct business and earn money by providing the contraband (â€Å"Prohibition†; Poholek).   Because of the banning of alcohol, the public had to get their supply from gangsters; this made gangsters very rich, as bootlegging liquor proved to be a lucrative endeavor (Poholek).   Among all the bootlegger gangsters, Al Capone was the most famous and influential (Poholek).Alphonsus Capone was born on January 17, 1899 (Chicago Historical Society [CHS] 1).   He was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York.   At a young age, he was already part of gangs.   He dropped out of school at an early age and worked several menial jobs.   Near Capone's home stood the headquarters of Johnny Torrio, a gangster and future mentor of Capone (Bardsley 4).   While working his multiple jobs, Capone also did favors for Torrio.   In the process, the young Capone earned not only money, but also Torrio's trust.   In 1909, Torrio left New York for Chicago (Bardsley 4).   For a while, Capone and Torrio's paths did not cross.Back in New York, Capone worked for another gangster, this time it was Frankie Yale (CHS 1).   However, in Chicago, Torrio had made himself an influential underground boss (Allen 5).   With the Prohibition in full effect, Torrio saw the potential of an illegal alcohol industry.   He recognized how profitable the venture would be with the Chicago market.   However, he had to consider the competition, such as the rival gangs.   He had to find the right man to deal with his competitors (Allen 5).

Wcf services, data access, and other features

5.1 IntroductionMicrosoft Windows Communication Foundation ( WCF ) is one of the cardinal engineerings available in.NET Framework 3.0 and ulterior versions. This session briefly introduces an overview of WCF services. The session besides takes a expression at the new informations related controls in ASP.NET 3.5. As organisations grow planetary, there is a strong demand for Web applications to accommodate to planetary audiences and civilizations. This session describes globalisation and besides discusses the support for handiness in ASP.NET 3.5. Finally, the session explains about nomadic applications in ASP.NET 3.5.5.2 WCF ServicesWCF is designed as incorporate programming theoretical account that helps to make distributed applications utilizing assorted.NET engineerings such as utilizing Web services, .NET Remoting, Message Queue ( MSMQ ) , Enterprise Services, and so forth. Through WCF, you can make a individual service that can be exposed as named pipes, HTTP, TCP, and so on.5.2.1 Making a WCF Service with ASP.NETASP.NET and Visual Studio 2008 enable you to make and devour WCF services. The first measure towards this is to specify the service contract. The stairss to specify a service contract are as follows: 1. Launch Ocular Studio and choose a new Web undertaking of type WCF Service Application. This templet defines a Web undertaking for hosting the WCF service and will make a mention to System.ServiceModel.dll in the undertaking. This assembly contains the WCF categories. The undertaking templet will besides bring forth a default service named Service1.svc and a related contract file named IService1.cs. You can rename these two files suitably. For illustration, you could call the undertaking as TestServices and the service itself as NewService. The contract file, INewService.cs, is a.NET Framework interface that includes the service property classes for the service category, the operations, and the members. The.svc.cs file is a category implementing this interface. A WCF Service application is automatically configured so that it can be hosted in IIS. It exposes a standard HTTP end point. The & lt ; system.servicemodel & gt ; subdivision of the web.config file describes these scenes. An illustration of & lt ; system.servicemodel & gt ; subdivision in web.config is shown in Code Snippet 1.Code Snippet 1& lt ; system.serviceModel & gt ; & lt ; services & gt ; & lt ; service name= † TestServices.NewService † behaviorConfiguration= † TestServices.NewService † & gt ; & lt ; endpoint address= † † binding= † wsHttpBinding † contract= † TestServices.NewService.INewService † & gt ; & lt ; individuality & gt ; & lt ; dns value= † localhost † / & gt ; & lt ; /identity & gt ; & lt ; /endpoint & gt ; & lt ; endpoint address= † mex † binding= † mexHttpBinding † contract= † IMetadataExchange † / & gt ; & lt ; /service & gt ; & lt ; /services & gt ; & lt ; behaviours & gt ; & lt ; serviceBehaviors & gt ; & lt ; behavior name= † TestServices.NewServiceBehavior † & gt ; & lt ; serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled= † true † / & gt ; & lt ; serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults= † false † / & gt ; & lt ; /behavior & gt ; & lt ; /serviceBehaviors & gt ; & lt ; /behaviors & gt ; & lt ; /system.serviceModel & gt ; 2. Implement the service contract. To implement the service, you start by specifying the contract via the interface. For illustration, see a scenario where you want to expose methods of a service that work with the Suppliers table in a Shipments database. Make a Supplier category inside ISupplierService.cs and tag it as a DataContract and taging each of its members as DataMember. Code Snippet 2 shows an illustration:Code Snippet 2[ DataContract ] public category Supplier { // specify a belongings [ DataMember ] public int SupplierCode { get ; set ; } // define other belongingss } The following measure is to specify the methods of your interface in ISupplierService.cs and tag them with the OperationContract property. You need to tag the interface with the ServiceContract property as shown in Code Snippet 3.Code Snippet 3[ ServiceContract ] public interface ISupplierService { [ OperationContract ] Supplier GetSupplier ( int supplierCode ) ; [ OperationContract ] Supplier SaveSupplier ( Supplier supplierper ) ; } WCF will utilize the interface to expose a service. The service will be configured based on the web.config file. The service interface is implemented inside the ISupplierService.svc.cs file as shown in Code Snippet 4.Code Snippet 4public category SupplierService: ISupplierService { confString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings [ â€Å" SupplierString † ] .ToString ( ) ; public Supplier GetSupplier ( int supplierId ) { . . . } public nothingness Display ( Supplier provider ) { . . . } } The contract is defined via the ISupplierService interface. The contract is implemented inside the SupplierService.svc file.5.3.2 Calling or devouring the WCF serviceThe stairss to configure one or more service end points and host the service in an application are taken attention of by default while executing all the stairss carried out until now. For illustration, an end point is configured via the default HTTP end point set up inside the web.config file and the service is hosted by IIS and ASP.NET. Now eventually, you can name the WCF service. You need to put a client to name the service. The client could be an ASP.NET Web site, a Windows application, or an application on a different platform. Assuming that the client is traveling to be an ASP.NET Web site for the current scenario, the stairss to name the service are as follows: 1. Make an ASP.NET Web site. 2. To bring forth a proxy category utilizing Ocular Studio 2008, right-click your Web site and choice Add Service Reference. The Add Service Reference duologue box is displayed as shown in figure 5.2. This duologue box allows you to specify an reference to your service. The construct of proxy category is similar to that in XML Web services – it is a WCF service client enabling you to work with the service without holding to cover with the inside informations of WCF. You can besides make the placeholder by utilizing the ServiceModel Metadata Utility command-line tool ( Svcutil.exe ) . 3. Stipulate an appropriate namespace in the Namespace box in the duologue box. This namespace will specify the name for the proxy category that will be generated by Ocular Studio. 4. Specify binding and end point information. Actually, the Add ServiceReference duologue box generates the appropriate end point information automatically when you add the service mention. The web.config file will incorporate this information as shown in Code Snippet 5.Code Snippet 5& lt ; system.serviceModel & gt ; & lt ; bindings & gt ; & lt ; wsHttpBinding & gt ; & lt ; adhering name= † WSHttpBinding_ISupplierService † closeTimeout= † 00:01:00 † openTimeout= † 00:01:00 † receiveTimeout= † 00:10:00 † sendTimeout= † 00:01:00 † bypassProxyOnLocal= † false † transactionFlow= † false † hostNameComparisonMode= † StrongWildcard † maxBufferPoolSize= † 524288 † maxReceivedMessageSize= † 65536 † messageEncoding= † Text † textEncoding= † utf-8 † useDefaultWebProxy= † true † allowCookies= † false † & gt ; & lt ; readerQuotas maxDepth= † 32 † maxStringContentLength= † 8192 † maxArrayLength= † 16384 † maxBytesPerRead= † 4096 † maxNameTableCharCount= † 16384 † / & gt ; & lt ; reliableSession ordered= † true † inactivityTimeout= † 00:10:00 † enabled= † false † / & gt ; & lt ; security mode= † Message † & gt ; & lt ; transport clientCredentialType= † Windows † proxyCredentialType= † None † realm= † † / & gt ; & lt ; message clientCredentialType= † Windows † negotiateServiceCredential= † true † algorithmSuite= † Default † establishSecurityContext= † true † / & gt ; & lt ; /security & gt ; & lt ; /binding & gt ; & lt ; /wsHttpBinding & gt ; & lt ; /bindings & gt ; & lt ; client & gt ; & lt ; endpoint address= † hypertext transfer protocol: //localhost:4392/SupplierService.svc † binding= † wsHttpBinding † bindingConfiguration= † WSHttpBinding_ISupplierService † contract= † NwServices.ISupplierService † name= † WSHttpBinding_ISupplierService † & gt ; & lt ; individuality & gt ; & lt ; dns value= † localhost † / & gt ; & lt ; /identity & gt ; & lt ; /endpoint & gt ; & lt ; /client & gt ; & lt ; /system.serviceModel & gt ; There are two options to pull off and redact the WCF constellation information: you can redact straight in web.config or you can utilize the Service Configuration Editor to pull off your end points. Right-click the web.config file and take Edit Wcf Configuration. This will establish the Service Configuration Editor duologue box. Finally, you will make a Web page will name the service via the proxy category. Code Snippet 6 shows portion of the codification in the Web page that will instantiate the proxy category and name the service.Code Snippet 6. . . SupplierServices.SupplierServiceClient testSupplier = new SupplierServices.ShipperServiceClient ( ) ; SupplierServices.Supplier provider = new SupplierServices.Supplier ( ) ; provider = testSupplier.GetSupplier ( supplierCode ) ;5.5 New Data Controls in ASP.NET 3.5ASP.NET 3.5 defines several new informations related controls including LinqDataSource, EntityDataSource, and ListView.5.5.1 LinqDataSourceLanguage-Integrated Query ( LINQ ) is a set of characteristics that adds question capablenesss to.NET linguistic communications such as C # . LINQ enables you to question informations from diverse informations beginnings in an easy mode. The lone status is that these informations beginnings must be LINQ-compatible, which means they must be supported by LINQ. LINQ can be used with SQL, XML files, objects ( such as C # arrays and aggregations ) , and ADO.NET DataSets. The LinqDataSource is new to ASP.NET 3.5 and Visual Studio 2008. It is used to recover informations from a LINQ information theoretical account. This control enables you to expose informations from a database by utilizing LINQ to SQL. Once you have generated informations categories utilizing the Object/Relational ( O/R ) interior decorator, you can adhere to those categories utilizing the LinqDataSource control. The ContextTypeName property is used in markup with the LinqDataSource to tie in the database context of your LINQ-based informations. See a scenario where you have defined a DataContext category named EmpDataContext utilizing Linq to SQL Classes in Visual Studio 2008. The following markup shows how you would link to this category utilizing the LinqDataSource control:Code Snippet 7& lt ; asp: LinqDataSource ID= † lnqEmp † runat= † waiter † ContextTypeName= † EmpDataContext † EnableDelete= † True † EnableInsert= † True † EnableUpdate= † True † OrderBy= † EmpCode † TableName= † Employees † & gt ; & lt ; /asp: LinqDataSource & gt ; Alternatively of typing the markup shown in Code Snippet 7, you can besides utilize the Configure Data Source ace to tie in the DataContext category with the LinqDataSource control. This can be done utilizing following stairss: 1. Add a LinqDataSource control to the Web page. 2. Snap the smart ticket beside the control. 3. In the context bill of fare that is displayed, choice Configure Data Source. This will expose the Configure Data Source ace as shown in figure 5.3.Figure 5.3: Configure Data Source Wizard for LinqDataSource4. Continue with the measure by measure process shown in the Configure Data Source ace. The LinqDataSource control allows you to specify parametric quantities, to bespeak sorting, enable paging, and more. You can besides specify questions holding Where and OrderBy clauses. The Where clause uses the WhereParameters stand foring a question twine that filters the information on the question twine. You can besides adhere a LinqDataSource control to a data-bound control.5.5.2 EntityDataSourceThe EntityDataSource control is new to the.NET Framework 3.5. The EntityDataSource control enables you to entree informations utilizing the ADO.NET Entity Framework. Users who are familiar with data-bound controls will happen the EntityDataSource control similar to the SqlDataSource, LinqDataSource, and ObjectDataSource controls. The EntityDataSource control enables you to adhere informations in an Entity Data Model ( EDM ) to Web controls on a page. You construct questions utilizing snippings of Entity SQL codification and delegate them to the Where, OrderBy, GroupBy, and Select operato rs. You can provide parameter values to these operations from page controls, cookies, and other ASP.NET parametric quantity objects. The EntityDataSource interior decorator enables you to configure an EntityDataSource control easy at design clip. Similar to LinqDataSource, you can utilize the Configure Data Source ace of the EntityDataSource control to initialise the informations beginning. Figure 5.4 shows the ace. Initially, the ace enables you to choose a named connexion from the Web.Config file or add a connexion twine to link to the database. The 2nd page of the ace will hold content depending on whether a Select statement configured by the options on the ace is used or some other bid text is used.5.5.3 ListViewThe ListView control is used to adhere and expose informations points from a information beginning. The ListView provides characteristics that support folio, screening, and grouping of points. Using the ListView control, you can execute edit, insert, and delete operations on informations without the demand for any codification. You can adhere the ListView control to informations by utilizing the DataSourceID belongings. This enables you to adhere the ListView control to a information beginning control, such as the SqlDataSource control. You can besides adhere the ListView control to informations by utilizing the DataSource belongings. This enables you to adhere to assorted objects, which includes ADO.NET datasets and informations readers and in-memory constructions such as aggregations. This attack requires that you write codifications for any extra functionality such as sorting, paging, and updating. Items that are displayed by a ListView control are defined by templets, likewise to the DataList and Repeater controls. The ListView control lets you expose informations as single points or in groups. You define the chief layout of a ListView control by making a LayoutTemplate templet. The LayoutTemplate must include a control that acts as a proxy for the information. You define content for single points utilizing the ItemTemplate templet. This templet typically contains controls that are data-bound to data columns or other single informations elements. Code Snippet 8 shows a ListView control that displays names of classs from the Categories tabular array in Library database.Code Snippet 8& lt ; caput runat= † waiter † & gt ; & lt ; title & gt ; ListView Demo & lt ; /title & gt ; & lt ; manner type= † text/css † & gt ; .table { boundary line: thin # 000000 solid ; border-collapse: prostration ; boundary line: 1px solid # 000000 ; } table td { boundary line: 1px solid # FF0000 ; } & lt ; /style & gt ; & lt ; /head & gt ; & lt ; organic structure & gt ; & lt ; signifier id= † form1 † runat= † waiter † & gt ; & lt ; div & gt ; & lt ; /div & gt ; & lt ; br / & gt ; & lt ; br / & gt ; & lt ; asp: ListView runat= † waiter † ID= † ListView1 † DataSourceID= † SqlDataSource1 † & gt ; & lt ; LayoutTemplate & gt ; & lt ; table runat= † waiter † id= † table1 † class= † tabular array † & gt ; & lt ; tr runat= † waiter † id= † itemPlaceholder † & gt ; & lt ; /tr & gt ; & lt ; /table & gt ; & lt ; /LayoutTemplate & gt ; & lt ; ItemTemplate & gt ; & lt ; tr id= † Tr1 † runat= † waiter † & gt ; & lt ; td id= † Td1 † runat= † waiter † & gt ; & lt ; % — Data-bound content. — % & gt ; & lt ; asp: Label ID= † NameLabel † runat= † waiter † Text= ‘ & lt ; % # Eval ( â€Å" Category † ) % & gt ; ‘ / & gt ; & lt ; /td & gt ; & lt ; /tr & gt ; & lt ; /ItemTemplate & gt ; & lt ; /asp: ListView & gt ; & lt ; asp: SqlDataSource ID= † SqlDataSource1 † runat= † waiter † ConnectionString= † & lt ; % $ ConnectionStrings: LibraryConnectionString % & gt ; † SelectCommand= † SELECT [ CategoryID ] , [ Category ] FROM [ BookCategories ] † & gt ; & lt ; /asp: SqlDataSource & gt ; The end product of this markup is seen in figure 5.6. 5.6 Globalization.NET Framework 4.NET Framework 3.0Ocular Studio 2005Ocular Studio.NET 2003ASP.NET allows you to develop Web applications that can be accessed by 1000000s of users across the Earth. This means that the Web applications should be created taking into consideration the demands of users from assorted parts of the universe. Therefore, you need to internationalise your application to do it accessible to users belonging to different states, parts, civilizations, linguistic communications, and so on. Globalizationinvolves the procedure of developing Web applications that can be used by users from different parts of the universe. These Web applications will be independent of the linguistic communication and civilization. In short, globalising an application involves doing your application readable to a broad scope of users irrespective the cultural and regional differences. See a scenario of a medical research company in New York. The company has created a Web application that displays the consequences of different researches carried out by the company. The Web application is created sing a broad scope of users of different linguistic communications and civilizations. This means that the Web site is civilization and linguistic communication specific. Therefore, for a user from United States, the Web site content appears in English and for the user from France, the Web site content appears in French, and so on. But, the company wants to follow a standard format while stand foring the medical marks and symbols. This means that irrespective of the user ‘s location, the marks and symbols should look same. To implement this, developers can globalise the Web application. Using ASP.NET, you can make Web applications that can automatically set civilization, and arrange day of the months and currency harmonizing to user demands. ASP.NET supports globalisation by supplying the System.Globalization namespace. The System.Globalization namespace provides a set of categories to construct applications that can be supported across the Earth. These categories allow you to cover with assorted globalisation issues such as civilization, part, calendar support, and date-time data format. Table 5.1 lists the normally used categories of the System.Globalizationnamespace.ClassDescriptionCalendarThis category represents yearss in hebdomads, months, and old ages. It is the basal category for other civilization specific calendars such as GregorianCalendar, JapaneseCalendar, and KoreanCalendarCultureInfoThis category provides culture-specific information such as name of the civilization and linguistic communicationNumberFormatInfoThis category represents the manner the numeral values are formatted and displayed for a specific civilizationRegionInfoThis category provides information about country/region such as country/region n ame and two missive codification defined in ISO 3166Table 5.1: Normally Used Classs of System.GlobalizationFor illustration, to expose the currency symbol of the current civilization in your Web application, the codification shown in Code Snippet 9 will be used.Code Snippet 9CultureInfo curie = System.Threading.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture ; NumberFormatInfo nfi = ci.NumberFormat ; Response.Write ( â€Å" Currency Symbol: â€Å" + nfi.CurrencySymbol + â€Å" & lt ; BR & gt ; † ) ; If the current civilization is US, the currency symbol displayed as a consequence of Code Snippet 9 will be $ . You can put the civilization or an ASP.NET Web page declaratively utilizing one of two attacks:Add a globalisation subdivision to the web.config file, and so put the uiculture and civilization properties, as shown:& lt ; globalisation uiCulture= † Es † culture= † es-MX † / & gt ; This sets the UI civilization and civilization for all pages,Set the Culture and UICulture attributes of the @ Page directive, as shown in the undermentioned illustration:& lt ; % @ Page UICulture= † Es † Culture= † es-MX † % & gt ; This sets the UI civilization and civilization for an single page,.NET Framework 4Ocular Studio 2005A resource file is used to hive away user interface strings for interpreting the application into other linguistic communications. It is a utile constituent in the procedure of globalisation and localisation. Resource files are stored in XML format and contain strings, image file waies, and other resources. This is because you can make a separate resource file for each linguistic communication into which you want to interpret a Web page. The stairss to make a resource file are as follows:Ensure that your Web site has a booklet such as App_GlobalResources in which to hive away the resource file. You can add such a booklet by right-clicking on the Website name in Solution Explorer and choosing Add ASP.NET Folder and so choosing App_GlobalResources as shown in figure 5.7.Right-click the App_GlobalResources booklet, and so snap Add New Item. This will make a resource file,In the Add New Item duologue box, under Ocular Studio installed templets, click Resource File.In the Name box, stipulate a name for the resource file and so snap Add. The Resources Editor window glass is displayed where you can type names ( keys ) , values, and optional remarks bespeaking each resource point.Type appropriate key names and values for each resource that you need in your application, and so salvage the file.To make resource files for extra linguistic communications, copy the file in Solution Explorer or in Windows Explorer, and so rename i t utilizing the syntax filename.language-culture.resx. For case, if you create a planetary resource file named Resources.resx for interlingual rendition to Spanish ( Mexico ) , you will call the copied file Resources.es-mex.resx. Open the copied file and interpret each value, go forthing the names ( keys ) the same.Perform and reiterate stairss 6 and 7 for each extra linguistic communication that you want to utilize.5.8 Accessibility Support in ASP.NET.NET Framework 4.NET Framework 3.0Ocular Studio 2005Accessible Web applications enable people with disablements to utilize assistive engineerings, such as screen readers, to work with Web pages. ASP.NET can assist you make accessible Web applications. ASP.NET controls support handiness criterions including Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 ( WCAG ) to a great extent. However, sometimes ASP.NET controls produce consequences that fail to follow with all handiness criterions. In such instances, you will necessitate to manually configure the controls for handiness. You can configure keyboard support for your pages in ASP.NET utilizing one of these attacks:Set check order for controls utilizing the TabIndex belongings.Stipulate a default button for a signifier or Panel control by puting the DefaultButton belongings.Define entree keys for button controls by puting the AccessKey belongings.Use Label controls with text boxes, which let you specify entree keys for the text boxes.5.9 Mobile Applications in ASP.NET 3.5Today, in major parts of the universe, a nomadic phone is no longer a luxury but a necessity. Mobile devices such as smartphones, Personal Digital Assistants ( PDAs ) , and others have become indispensable appliances and back up many powerful characteristics that make life easier and well-organized. These nomadic devices can hold a figure of applications installed on them. Mobile application development is hence considered to be a important portion of a developer ‘s skillset. As an ASP.NET developer, it is imperative for you to be familiar with the creative activity of both Web and nomadic applications.5.9.1 Mobile Application Creation in ASP.NET 3.5In earlier versions of Ocular Studio before Visual Studio 2008, there was built-in interior decorator support for developing nomadic Web applications. The IDE provided an application templet utilizing which you could make a new nomadic Web application. An point templet allowed you to custom-make the show and visual aspect of controls in Design View. Using the interior decorator, you could work with nomadic Web signifiers and nomadic Web user controls in Design View. The IDE besides provided tool chest and design-time layout support which made the undertaking of working with ASP.NET Mobile Web applications simple and easy. However, from Ocular Studio 2008 onwards, there is no reinforced -in interior decorator support for developing nomadic Web applications. You can still make and work with nomadic Web applications by utilizing downloaded templets from the Web. The stairss to make this are listed below:Download ASP.NET Mobile Templates.zip from hypertext transfer protocol: //blogs.msdn.com/b/webdevtools/archive/2007/09/17/tip-trick-asp-net-mobile-development-with-visual-studio-2008.aspxExtract the nothing file. This will ensue in a figure of other nothing files.Copy the nothing files with file names stoping with â€Å" _cs † to: [ My Documents ] Visual Studio 2008TemplatesItemTemplatesVisual C # .Restart Visual Studio.Create an empty Website as shown in Figure 5.8.Select WebsiteaAdd New Item. The Add New Item duologue box will expose the freshly added templates available as shown in figure 5.9.Choose the templet Mobile Web Form as shown in figure 5.10 and click Add.A nomadic Web signifier will be added to the Website application. Switch to the codification position. You will detect that the Default category inherits from System.Web.UI.MobileControls.MobilePage.An alternate manner of making Mobile Web signifiers in Ocular Studio 2008 is to add a Web signifier to your application and so modify the page category declaration to inherit from System.Web.UI.MobileControls.MobilePage.Once the Mobile Web page is created utilizing either of these two attacks, you can so put nomadic Web controls onto the page by dragging them from the Toolbox or by typing markup and properties.Code Snippet 10 demonstrates how to make a simple nomadic signifier with a Panel and a Label control.Code Snippet 10& lt ; % @ Page Language= † C # † AutoEventWireup= † true † CodeFile= † Default.aspx.cs † Inherits= † _Default † % & gt ; & lt ; % @ Register TagPrefix= † Mobile † Namespace= † System.Web.UI.MobileControls † Assembly= † System.Web.Mobile † % & gt ; & lt ; html xmlns= † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.w3.org/1999/xhtml † & gt ; & lt ; organic structure & gt ; & lt ; nomadic: Form id= † Form1 † runat= † waiter † BackColor= † # 99ffcc † & gt ; & lt ; Mobile: Label Name= † lblMessage † runat= † waiter † Font-Bold= † True † ForeColor= † Blue † Font-Size= † Large † & gt ; Welcome, this is exciting & lt ; /mobile: Label & gt ; & lt ; br & gt ; & lt ; /br & gt ; & lt ; Mobile: Image ID= † Image1 † Runat= † waiter † ImageUrl= † Garden.jpg † & gt ; & lt ; /mobile: Image & gt ; & lt ; /mobile: Form & gt ; & lt ; /body & gt ; & lt ; /html & gt ; Save and construct the application.5.9.2 Executing Mobile ApplicationsThe stairss to prove this application are as follows:Install the Windows Mobile Device Center if it is non already installed.Install Windows Mobile 6.0 Professional SDK Refresh if it is non already installed.Select Tools- & gt ; Device Emulator Manager in the Visual Studio 2008 IDE.Right-click Windows Mobile 6.0 Professional Emulator in the Device Emulator Manager duologue box and choice Connect.Right-click Windows Mobile 6.0 Professional Emulator in the Device Emulator Manager duologue box and choice Cradle. Windows Mobile Device Center ( WMDC ) is opened. Ensure that the connexion puting on WMDC is set to DMA. If you are utilizing a Work web to link to the Internet, so choose â€Å" This computing machine connects to Work Network. †Launch Internet Explorer on the copycat and navigate to the URL of your nomadic Web application. Assuming that the local machine name is test, the end product will be as shown i n figure 5.11. You can besides utilize the IP reference of the machine alternatively of machine name.5.9.3 Mobile Device CapabilitiesPeoples around the universe usage different nomadic devices. These devices may differ in show sizes and capablenesss. If a Web developer develops a Web application for a specific nomadic device, it may non work when exported to other nomadic devices. To get the better of this job, there is a demand of some agencies of device filtering. Device filtering is the procedure of custom-making nomadic Web waiter controls to correctly expose them on select nomadic devices. Using device filters, nomadic Web applications can custom-make the visual aspect of controls for specific hardware devices. The customization is based on the capablenesss of the hardware device being used to shop the application. Device filters are used to custom-make the behaviour of Web waiter controls depending on the browser or device that accesses them. Typically, the web.config file shops device capablenesss in the & lt ; deviceFilters & gt ; subdivision. By default, your nomadic Web application in.NET Framework 3.5 and Visual Studio 2008 may non hold a web.config file. To add it, launch the Add New Item duologue box and choose the Mobile Web Configuration point templet as shown in figure 5.12. The web.config will incorporate undermentioned device filters by default in the & lt ; deviceFilters & gt ; subdivision: & lt ; deviceFilters & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † isJPhone † compare= † Type † argument= † J-Phone † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † isHTML32 † compare= † PreferredRenderingType † argument= † html32 † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † isWML11 † compare= † PreferredRenderingType † argument= † wml11 † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † isCHTML10 † compare= † PreferredRenderingType † argument= † chtml10 † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † isGoAmerica † compare= † Browser † argument= † Go.Web † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † isMME † compare= † Browser † argument= † Microsoft Mobile Explorer † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † isMyPalm † compare= † Browser † argument= † MyPalm † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † isPocketIE † compare= † Browser † argument= † Pocket IE † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † isUP3x † compare= † Type † argument= † Phone.com 3.x Browser † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † isUP4x † compare= † Type † argument= † Phone.com 4.x Browser † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † isEricssonR380 † compare= † Type † argument= † Ericsson R380 † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † isNokia7110 † compare= † Type † argument= † Nokia 7110 † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † prefersGIF † compare= † PreferredImageMIME † argument= † image/gif † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † prefersWBMP † compare= † PreferredImageMIME † argument= † image/vnd.wap.wbmp † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † supportsColor † compare= † IsColor † argument= † true † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † supportsCookies † compare= † Cookies † argument= † true † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † supportsJavaScript † compare= † Javascript † argument= † true † / & gt ; & lt ; filter name= † supportsVoiceCalls † compare= † CanInitiateVoiceCall † argument= † true † / & gt ; & lt ; /deviceFilters & gt ; ASP.NET provides the HasCapability ( ) method in the MobileCapabilities category to find device capablenesss for nomadic devices. The method takes two parametric quantities. The first is a twine stipulating a delegateName that will indicate to the device rating method, belongings name, or so forth and the 2nd parametric quantity is any value that the capabilityName statement requires. The 2nd parametric quantity is optional. The HasCapability ( ) method enables you to find through codification whether the current device lucifers any device filter specified in the web.config file. Code Snippet 11 shows the usage of HasCapability ( ) method.Code Snippet 11:attempt { bool consequence = ( ( MobileCapabilities ) Request.Browser ) .HasCapability ( â€Å" supportsColor † , null ) ; txtvwMessage.Text = answer.ToString ( ) ; } gimmick ( ArgumentOutOfRangeException ) { txtvwMessage.Text = â€Å" false † ; }Here, the codification tries to look into whether there is any device filter named supportsColor defined in the web.config file. If yes, it assigns the true value to the TextView control, txtvwMessage. If there is no such filter defined, an ArgumentOutOfRangeException is raised and a value of false is assigned to the TextView control, txtvwMessage. In the web.config file shown earlier, there is a filter named supportsColor. Therefore, the result of Code Snippet 11 is that the TextView shows true.5.9.4 Using the DeviceSpecific ControlThe procedure of rendering a control otherwise based on the browser that requested the Web page is called adaptative rendition. You use the DeviceSpecific component in ASP.NET Mobile applications to implement adaptative rendition. One or more & lt ; Choice & gt ; elements incorporating different versions of the content aiming different devices are placed inside the & lt ; DeviceSpecific & gt ; component, as shown in Code Snippet 12.Code Snippet 12& lt ; nomadic: Form id= † frmTest † runat= † waiter † & gt ; & lt ; Mobile: Label Runat= † waiter † ID= † Label1 † & gt ; Welcome & lt ; DeviceSpecific & gt ; & lt ; Choice Filter= † isPocketIE † Font-Italic= † True † Font-Name= † Arial Black † / & gt ; & lt ; Choice Filter= † isNokia7110 † ForeColor= † Magenta † / & gt ; & lt ; /DeviceSpecific & gt ; & lt ; /mobile: Label & gt ; & lt ; /mobile: Form & gt ; Choices are evaluated from the first & lt ; Choice & gt ; component to the last. Each pick includes a Filter component. If the device satisfies the Filter so the content within that pick is displayed to the client. The last pick in the above illustration has no Filter. The content in this pick shows on all of the devices that satisfy none of the filters. The Filter property of the & lt ; Choice & gt ; component can besides mention to a filter in the web.config file.DrumheadWCF is a incorporate scheduling theoretical account that helps to make distributed applications utilizing.NET engineerings.ASP.NET 3.5 defines several new informations related controls including LinqDataSource, EntityDataSource, and ListView.Globalization involves the procedure of developing Web applications that can be used by users from different parts of the universe.A resource file is used to hive away user interface strings for interpreting the application into other linguistic communications and plays an of import function in globalisation.Most ASP.NET controls provide constitutional support for handiness in Web applications.ASP.NET 3.5 enables you to develop nomadic Web applications.Mobile device capablenesss differ from device to device and are specified utilizing & lt ; deviceFilters & gt ; in web.config file.

Finding Experts Who Want to Help With Your Writing Project

Finding Experts Who Want to Help With Your Writing Project Finding Experts Who Want to Help With Your Writing Project Finding Experts Who Want to Help With Your Writing Project By Michael Youve probably read those acknowledgements at the back of a book: Special thanks to Nobel Prize winner Niels Ryberg Finsen for the many hours of medical advice and strong coffee he shared with me, without which this book would not be possible. And youve wondered what it takes to get a world-famous expert of your own, one who could answer the nagging technical questions that come up in your writing project. Now, unless youre working on a book for a major publisher, you probably wont get a Nobel laureate on your team, but knowledgeable experts can be found almost everywhere, at your local college or across the world through email. The good news is that experts are usually glad to help for free. They love finding someone who cares about their subject and they hate having their specialty misrepresented. The wife of one history professor joked that even if the university wasnt paying him, he would go door to door asking, Hi! Have you heard about World War I? Approaching an expert First, figure out what you dont know. As you write, add tags to your text such as [research] so you can search for them later using Control-F or Command-F on your computer. Make a list, in advance, of the most important questions you want answered. When you email an expert, show them that you didnt pick them at random. Show them you know who they are and what they do, that youve read something theyve written. Tell them a little about your writing project. The more reputable and stable it sounds, the more likely the expert will agree to help you. If you already have a book deal, thats good. If youre asking them to do your homework for school, thats not good. Limit your email to one or two brief, narrow, and focused questions. Include your contact information, especially if youre asking for a telephone or face-to-face interview. Give them lots of lead time; dont rush them. Ask for their help weeks or months before you need to submit your manuscript. If they dont reply to your email, stop there. Dont bug them again. You can find another expert. When you talk to an expert, be prepared; dont waste their time with fuzzy questions. Im reminded of a mock interviewer who asked Paul McCartney, Remember when you were with the Beatles? Yes, he did. Keep it open-ended: Is there anything else you want to tell me? An off-hand comment might give you a new story idea that transforms your old one. Ask about what you can ask for. If they answer one question, are they willing to answer more? To meet with you for lunch? To read over your manuscript and make suggestions? It all depends on their availability and interest which depends partly on your professionalism and courtesy. Seek viewpoints that disagree with you. For most writers, the most vivid parts are the points they support and the characters they like. That means your villains may be one-sided. Compensate for your weaknesses by learning about things you would ordinarily ignore. When I was writing a novel that included extremists, I read one of the key books written by their founder. Finding an expert Use your network. Ask people you know, Who do you know that knows about this subject? Reference librarians (often found at libraries) can help you find the answer to any question a sort of non-electronic Google, but without spam or fake news. If your local library doesnt have reference librarians, the U.S. Library of Congress does and you dont need to be a U.S. Congressman to ask them questions. Many colleges and universities have faculty experts lists that are searchable by topic. Many are especially skilled or specially trained as communicators, but all are eager to share their expertise. StackExchange.com is a family of websites where users can ask all sorts of questions and the most helpful questions and answers are voted up. The National Novel Writing Month (NaNoWriMo) website has its own Reference Desk in their forums, about which they say, What actually does relate to the price of cheese in China? How many cats can you fit in a coffin? Why does the ABC song and Twinkle Twinkle Little Star have the same tune? You have a research question. Someone in here has an answer. Sign up (you were planning on writing a novel someday, werent you?), log into the website and you can ask away. NaNoWriMo officially starts in November but the forum is open year-round. Showing your gratitude When youve finished your draft, send your expert the chapter or the article they helped you write. They may have more comments and corrections to offer. You can use all the help they can give. When deciding how to thank your expert collaborator, think about how much time and effort they spent, and how vital their contribution was to you. If you literally couldnt have done it without them, and youre making money from their contributions, you may want to offer them some of the money as payment or a tip. Like all of us, your expert has something they want to accomplish by working with you, so think about how you can assist them in accomplishing it. Do they enjoy helping others (you)? Let them know, in several ways, how much you appreciate it. Do they want to correct a misunderstanding, and give your readers an accurate view of their field? Make every effort to get their message across, without compromising your story. You might disagree with their perspective, but at least present it fairly. Do they want the prestige of working with a published author? Use their name prominently in your acknowledgements and publicity. They may want copies to give out. If they have worked with you extensively, they might deserve a co-authoring credit. Write a thank you note. You know, with pen and ink. Maybe on a note card. Send them an autographed copy of your story or article when its published. Bring or send an appropriate gift. If you ask to meet with them, buy them lunch. If youre a fiction writer, name a character or place after them. They will be tickled. Of course, mention them in the acknowledgments of your book. Everybody likes to be recognized. Unless theyre a spy and want to remain undercover. Writing can be a solitary occupation, and you may never have considered that someone important could be interested in working with you. But Joe Moore, a bestselling author of thrillers with Lynn Sholes, says, The most remarkable thing we’ve discovered is that expert advice is easy to get. Almost everyone we’ve approached has been eager to provide fictionalized theories and futuristic details that help make our often outlandish premises ring within the realm of possibility. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of Adjectives7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewIs "Number" Singular or Plural?