Fast Food (Quick Service Restaurants) Industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1705 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? The fast-food industry has been in perennial boom since the last two decades. Much of this boom can be attributed to internationalization by fast food joints who have sustained their growth despite political, regulatory, environmental and health issues. This paper examines the internationalisation of the industry over 2002-2007 to argue opportunities and limitations that confront the industry. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fast Food (Quick Service Restaurants) Industry" essay for you Create order In context of this paper a fast food market is taken to be a serviced sale of food or drinks for immediate consumption on or off the premises. The market is seen to be comprised of Quick Service Restaurants (QSRs), Takeaways, Mobile vending and Leisure site based sales. Since the quick service restaurants account for 67.4 % of the market for the scope of this paper this part of the industry has been focussed upon (Datamonitor, 2007a). The paper discusses the internationalisation of fast food majors and the issues that have come with such trans-national agendas. The discussion provides a basis to posit opportunities and limitations for the industry. This is provided under a sectionalised scheme of key aspects that have been considered in extant literature as crucial variables defining globalisation. The paper closes by providing a synthesis of ongoing growth through internationalisation for the industry and a perspective on the future that beckons. The Fast Food (QSRs) Industry: A Snapshot As the fast food industry has beefed up to a massive 102.6 billion in revenues of which more than two thirds is accounted for by the QSRs and with predicted growth rates of around 5% it seems a lucrative meal in the making for the industry and the giants in particular. The giants list usually comprises McDonalds, Pizza Hut, KFC, Wendys and Burger King. McDonalds is clearly far above the rest accounting for nearly 20 billion in sales while the rest together muster nearly two thirds of this figure. Yum Brands! a company headquartered in the US is effectively the second major player as it operates, licences and franchises some of the leading brands including Pizza Hut across the globe (Louisville, 2005; Datamonitor, 2007a,b,c). An overview of the upstream downstream system that refers to the industry is provided as an appendix to this paper. This is an approximation that attempts to provide a broad sketch of the industry value system. Opportunities and Limitations Globalisation and Customisation As far as the product portfolio goes- in the last few years a move to healthier offerings has seen the western markets warm up to the idea of lsquo;healthy fast food once again (Case, 2007). However, as consumer tastes remain fickle the recent success of some products that are again configured around the traditional juicy and unhealthy burgerthe QSRs face a continuous challenge to reshape their offerings to strive for the most lucrative combination of attributes on the menu. In a trans-national context this becomes difficult as it entails a further complexity of customisation to specific markets tastes while keeping the core competency that stems from product design aspects and identity attributes (Baden-fuller and Stopford,1991; Mintzberg, 1983 ; Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1987,1989). The limitations and opportunities in this case lie along a continuum that is also mapped by risk and product innovation. While customising to local tastes may work at eroding the identity of the core products in a balance it can help provide for effectively extending the core competencies to inform customisation in a unique way. For instance, the lsquo;rice burger of McDonalds introducing regional flavours like lsquo;curry in product variants and also using sauces to be aligned with the local tastes of say more spices- while the basic architecture of the sandwich, packaging, service and ambience is used to keep it an experience unique to the fast food label (McDonalds, 2005; Anzola, 2007; Cullen et al, 2008). Interdependencies In the case of a global fast food firm the aforesaid local global dichotomy can be extended to the idea of interdependencies. Spread out units across the globe have to be independent and flexible enough to tackle the localised business realties while at the same time, have to harness the competency and resource base that defines the globally successful parent firm. This balance or synergy to adapt and extend symbiotically is a crucial factor for success (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1987, 1989; Yip, 1989). In the fast food industry interdependencies are a challenge due to the sheer number of outlets that comprise the global network of franchisee units (McDonald-s 2003; Burger King, 2005;Yum Brands Inc., 2006). Though it is the country headquarters that is the conduit for delivering such interdependencies- the variation in the nature of local markets makes handling of each franchisee a balancing act. For instance KFC faced a politically motivated agitation in Bangalore-Indi a, while the rest of the country remained passive about KFC-s business (Business Line-Hindu, 2003; KFC, 2003). Such issues call for a multi level interdependency goal that is rather complex to realise and a limitation given the configuration of the fast food-QSR business. Furthermore, as the fast food giants move overseas the concept already exists in some shape or form and the QSRs try to lsquo;buy out or lsquo;out run the other fast food operators like street vendors. Cross subsidizing has been used effectively and so have acquisitions (Kokko,1996; Watson 1997). While financial muscle given the size skewness and also arguable increasing concentration in the global industry gives big players the opportunity to be aggressive in international market this has to be delivered carefully. The anti Multi National Corporation (MNC) perceptions frequently come to serve political interests, regulatory concerns and public sentiments if such moves are too overt (Business Line, 2 003; Beaulier and Caplan, 2007) Configuration -Coordination Dichotomy Michael Porter (1986) introduced the Coordination-Configuration framework to emphasise the demands that globalisation brings with it in terms of spread versus the proportional effort at coordination to realise synergies. The important addition is that there is a suggestion for looking at the lsquo;value chain (Porter, 1980) in terms of where in the global context do the activities stem from (configuration) and how do they link up (coordination). The fast food industry in contrast to some other industries has less of a gamble on resource cost differences across countries. In contemporary times it is even more so as localised resource linkages have become an important aspect guiding physical resourcing at least (Rangan, 2000; Rugman and Collinson, 2006). The nature of product and manufacturing in the industry can easily take advantage of localised inputs and lsquo;successfully flexible product architecture (e.g. the rice burger mentioned before!). However, while this oppor tunity beckons, the limitations arise in terms of deals struck with local stake holders for instance the farmers. The rent appropriation in lieu of inputs in the value chain is frequently much contested and often levy has to be given to local public and political concerns for instance, fast food giants are seen as taking control of farming (Kostova and Zaheer, 1999; Netto, 2007) Other issues In addition to the discussion from a theoretically embedded point of view a reiteration of some specific issues is merited. Health concerns related poor publicity has hit the industry hard and growth has been sustained primarily through expansion. The lsquo;West specifically the Americas comprise for more than half of the revenues of the all the big players and health concerns here are particularly limiting in one sense. However, they are also an impetus that has seen aggressive moves in other parts of the World e.g. south-east Asia. Again, ethical issues come to the fore as in loading the lsquo;fat of the west on lsquo;east (Schlosser, 2001; Cullen et al, 2008). Regulatory aspects are vary of the fast food giants growth and market control strategies like acquisitions because this has an significant impact on the perceptions in the masses -through allowing what is usually seen as an attempt to control farming in agrarian economies, and is politically detrimental for gove rnments if they turn a blind eye to it (Netto, 2007). Fair trade issues also run in the value appropriation stream. This is as an opportunity for the MNCs to show their concern and is very much a strategy adopted by fast food giants to improve their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) profile (Kaplinsky, 2000). This could help moderate the impact of adverse aspects like health issues that have particularly been a cause of concern in traditional markets like the US. Such activities are a clear lsquo;re-buy in for estranged customers in traditional markets- of course in combination with an attempt to address other concerns like healthy eating. Conclusions There are some generic factors that beckon organisations with moorings in the West to go trans-national and are common across industries. For instance, rising disposable incomes and the arrival of the middle class in third world countries, mass markets, saturation or other issues in the home market, and cheaper labour -to name a few and aft contextualised in literature (e.g. Laurent, 1983; Watson, 2000; Tschoegl, 2007). However, these need to be seen in terms of specificities of the industry to hand for making sense of limitations and opportunities that can provide a basis for shaping the strategic direction for the industry (Porter, 1986; Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1987). In reflecting on central conceptual framework that affect internationalisation this paper has attempted to distil a perspective on opportunities and limitations for the fast food industry-focussing on the QSR business. Rangan (2000) in his article on myths related to globalisation provides some useful cu es to synthesise the discussion in this paper. For instance, as discussed-the tendency to approach regulatory and governmental concerns without due importance is likely to generate bad publicity and poor local alliancing- positing multinational QSRs as exploitative entities. Furthermore, given the nature of the lsquo;food based product architecture in agrarian economies of the third world such a perception is to some extent difficult to control for. However, any concessions here and otherwise say channelled through the fair trade mandate might be a selling point in the developed world where health issues have impacted adversely on consumer perceptions of fast food. While the traditional image of being unhealthy is likely to be a limitation, innovative attempts at a balance between traditional offering and healthier products are bearing fruit as is the customisation of products to suite local palettes across the globe.

Socilization - 622 Words

Socialization Paper Diana Medley PSY/211 July 13, 2015 Donna Allgood Socialization Paper The factors that contribute to one’s attitude, Affects- emotions, Behaviors-actions, Cognitions- thoughts, the ABC’s of attitude (Carter amp; Seifert, 2016, Chapter 16). When our emotions, actions and thoughts are not working together it can be difficult. Finding out more about our behavior will help us learn more about our attitude. The self-perception theory says that we are not fully aware of our attitudes. Most of the time with infer our attitudes based on our behavior. It is the opposite in fact, our behavior affects our attitude. We can change our behavior and the result will be a change in attitude. Conformity is changing your thoughts†¦show more content†¦An excellent example of instrumental aggression is when a child will hit another child, in order to get the toy that the child was playing with. The other type of aggression is hostile aggression. Hostile aggression is a desire to do harm to another, like a person bullying another individual. We are attracted to people that are similar to us. What attracts us to people is not only physical characteristics, but also a person competency, however if a person is over competent, we lose attraction towards them. We also like people that are physically attractive but as the old saying goes looks can be deceiving. A good looking person can sometimes have the worst attitude, and may not be the best company. Groups play a huge role on a person’s behavior. Once you are in a group you start to treat others outside of the group differently. Although, belonging to a group can bring up someone’s self-esteem, treating others differently can lead to prejudice and discrimination and that is not a good thing. Groups can also affect your decision to help or to not help others. Social Psychology plays an important role in life and in the workplace. At work you have to treat everyone the same and not be prejudice towards them. Discrimination is also not permitted in the workplace. Being able to control your own, as well as, others behavior and attitude is important. Also, when working you have to be able to conform and obey. References Carter, K. E., amp; Seifert, C.Show MoreRelated The Classical Film Grease Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesthe male role and reinforces to what they were already predisposed to when they enter into relationships –especially in regards to their view relationships as fudmentally sexual. In relationships, males are less likely to express intimacy. Due to Socilization, society has taught males the necessity of being â€Å"masculine† and that requires that the males be inexpressive (Dosser, pg. 243). For males, intimacy seems to be always related to sexual behavior and he often confuses to the two (Dosser pg. 244)

Carbonemys vs. Titanoboa - Who Wins

Is Sexual Education A Good Or Bad Idea - 929 Words

A teen girl walks from her bathroom with a gloomy look in her eyes. Her pregnancy test is positive. In today’s society sexual education is being taught less and teens are learning more about sexual intercourse from television instead of learning it from their parents and their schools. To prevent teen pregnancy parents should promote sexual education, contraception, and rely less on television teaching sex education. We cannot stop children from gaining their hormones but we can teach them how to protect themselves against teen pregnancies if we teach them about sex. Is sexual education a good or bad idea? According to National Survey of Family Growth, â€Å"Many sexually experienced teens (46% of males and 33% of females) do not receive formal instruction about contraception before they first have sex† (GutterMatch). As a recent graduate from high school I was taught nothing about sexual intercourse through the high school system. Also according to the National Survey of Family Growth. â€Å"About one in four adolescents aged 15-19 (23% of females and 28% of males) received abstinence education without receiving any instruction about birth control† (GutterMatch). McKay states â€Å"The United States continues to have one of the highest teen pregnancy rates in the developed world (68 per 1,000 women)† (GutterMatch). The Alan Guttmacher Institute stated that â€Å"Louisiana state law does not require sexuality education. Schools are prohibited from distributing any contraceptive or in any wayShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Sex Education In Public Schools821 Words   |  4 Pagespublic schools? I. Introduction Do you think all grades, K-12, should take sex education as a part of their school curriculum? A. Interest grabber about the topic Picture this, a 5 year old learning the birds and the bees instead of learning how to write their name. Why are we focusing on teaching kids about sex before they even have the basics of academics mastered? B. Preview of background, pros and cons Sex education is a basic term used to describe a wide range of programs which are designedRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Sex Education 1296 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinguish right from wrong based on their previous knowledge. The education they receive plays a major role in the way they make decisions. Sex is a controversial topic brought up frequently throughout a childs life. Based on the way it is taught, the child makes decisions that may forever change his or her life. (Sex Education That 3) Although it is often opposed, the two most essential ways children learn about sex today is the education they receive at home and at school. The relationship andRead MoreThe Book Harmful On Minors By Judith Levine966 Words   |  4 PagesJudith Levine asserts that the consensus regarding children’s sexual experiences arose out of a growing fear during the 1970s and 80s. In a time of increasing social and economic anxiety, feminist concerns about pornography and child abuse meshed with the anti-sexual leanings of the Right. With scare-mongering stories about satanic sex-rings, a frequent occurrence in the media, these two groups caused a move away from liberal sex education and towards unrealistic abstinence-only programs. The conservativesRead MoreSexual Education. Sexual Education Has Always Been An Extremely1613 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Education Sexual education has always been an extremely heated topic among parents, teachers, lawmakers, and everyone in between. It has led to several court cases, new rules and laws, and different and very creative ways of teaching sexual intercourse and the potential repercussions to preteens and teens. Most students probably started talking about sex on the playground or while they were hanging out with friends well before they should have been speaking about it. In today’s society, sexRead MoreIn The Modern World And With All The Means Of Technology1446 Words   |  6 Pagesoccurred in this world. As a person who concerned about humanity will notice that the number of Sexual Transmitted Diseases (STD) and sexual harassment cases shows an upward trend. This shows a clear view that we are facing an issues about sexual behaviour and health. However, this problem can be solved at least by reducing the number of cases and avoiding from it become worse in future. Sex education in schoo ls is one of the method that can be used to solve the problem occurred and help to reduceRead MoreSex Ed By Anna Quindlen963 Words   |  4 Pagespoorest neighborhood in New York City. She sat with a group of young teenagers who amazed her with their knowledge of sexuality. Quindlen talks about someone mentioning the thought that sex education in school would lower or prevent teen pregnancy, but students will do whatever they want to do. Even though it is good to teach young teenagers about sex and possible risk of the act, it could create confusion in students, wondering the class is teaching them about contraceptives or abstinence. The essayRead MoreThe Challenges Faced By Adolescents993 Words   |  4 PagesChild and Adolescent Development The four challenges faced by adolescents affect their sexual behavior by the lack of development of their brain. The first challenge is impulse control, which is the failure to resist an impulsive act or behavior that may be harmful to oneself. For example, the lack of impulse control allows teenagers to have the tendency to get themselves wrapped up in the wrong situation because they acted impulsively rather than making a rational decision. The second challengeRead MoreThe Media Of Sexual Advertisements1043 Words   |  5 Pages We are all familiar with the extent of sexual advertisements today. Advertisements can be overly erotic and push the threshold to being pornography. Carls Jr. is well known for their sexual advertisements that purposely expose a half dressed women eating a giant cheeseburger. There have been several advertisements of this nature throughout the last decade, but this type of sexual campaigning began with Paris Hilton’s ad for the Spicy BBQ Six Dollar Burger. The ad only showed the burger for aboutRead MoreThe Indian Act1558 Words   |  7 Pageschildren to have an education, it was to be done under them. These institutions would be known as Residential Schools. Residential Schools were not good for the Native Americans due to the education being taught was there to â€Å"take away† the Indian within the children, in other words, to make them act like they are not Indian. These schools were exceptionally bad for girls as they were often sexually abused, and so I wondered how the psychosocial problems related with child sexual abuse would hinderRead More Contraceptives and Misconceptions Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesDisease Control, a noted source, claims 61 percent of boys have had sex by the time they are fifteen, often with multiple partners (What Should Schools 7). Strangely, even in the face of such alarming information, Georgia has very limited sex education programs.    In schools where the pregnancy rate is high (in many schools as high as 15 percent), there are programs to give students contraceptives. Many people feel that it is wrong to offer contraceptives to teenagers, claiming that

Black Friday Descriptive Essay Free Essays

There are experiences in life that create an everlasting impact on our character. Seeing first hand what kind of intestinal fortitude one possesses can be both rewarding and humbling. Black Friday is the 1st day used by Special Forces Assessment and Selection to test the individuals who volunteer to serve in the elite Army Special Forces Green Berets. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Friday Descriptive Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just as many people before me pushed themselves to the absolute limit; I was about to experience my own test of will. Camp Mackall airfield is located a mile or so from the main training area. The airfield is surrounded on all sides by the thickest pine forest, one that you would think wasn’t by accident. The thick summer humidity sucked the oxygen from the air. Amazingly the dew and fog never quite leave the airfield, as if to create a more somber atmosphere. The landing strip itself looks dilapidated and left more as a reminder of a different time. WWII era trucks, rusted and worn, are locked behind a fence as a constant reminder of the pain that will come week three. The smell is almost pleasant, like a candle, creating a false sense of comfort that will soon be shattered. The trainig begins before dawn, the time wasn’t known since watches weren’t allowed. The rustling of 400 eager souls, ready for the pain we all knew was coming, filled the air. Loud bullhorns and exploding ordnance coming from every direction drowned out all attempts to organize the mass of candidates. The jog to the airfield was slow but purposeful, and didn’t take very long. Once gathered on the airfield some final instructions were given, groups were made and dispersed evenly throughout the field. Like gathering for a little game, Green Berets from all over Fort Bragg position themselves with fold out chairs awaiting the excitement of other peoples torment. Some even have food, which adds to the misery of not having normal food for seven days. A local fire truck comes screaming by horns blazing and lights flashing, and parks just to the right of the mass of candidates. I find myself, rifle in hand, closest to the fire truck wondering what is next. The fun begins with an instructor briefly explaining the first â€Å"exercise.† The simple task soon felt like a mountain that never seemed to stop rising. Shortly after I hit the dirt, face first the fire truck begins to point the high pressure hose at me forcing me to either endure the sting or move faster. I crawl for what seemed like forever until I heard a horn signaling this station was done, for now. I stand up and move to the next station, simple rifle exercise was the task. With the rifle only weighing five pounds the movement seemed easy; lift over the head, then down to the midsection, then back up again. By the hundredth repetition the rifle might as well have weighed a hundred pounds. Next was logs, four hundred pound logs smooth and smelling of past candidates sweat. The task was to lift the log up, as a team, and then lower to the opposite shoulder. This is the first event that tested everyone’s determination and reason for attending the course, sadly candidates began to quit. The weight of the log, and frustration with fellow candidates, contributed to grown men saying they couldn’t take it. The beautiful pine forest backdrop was replaced with bright simulated machine gun fire, exploding ordnance and instructors gawking at every sign of weakness. It was somewhere between burpee long jumps and kettle bell swings that I caught a glimpse of a sight that I can still picture today. The fire hose was spraying into the air creating a mist, the muzzle flashes from the machine guns flashed brightly. The three hundred candidates continued moving with such vigor reminding me of why I was there,which gave me the boost I needed to endure several more hours of pure pain. The jog home was quiet and quick, grown men eager for good meals ready to eat (MREs). The pure joy of being pushed to the point of total discomfort and breaking thru a mental barrier radiated from every man there. As abruptly as it began the day simply just ended. Nothing else about Balck Friday is special except the good ole fashioned gut check. The pain, distractions and ridicule were meant to weed out the weak and retain the strong. Realizing this made me appreciate making it thru and now possessing the tools needed to overcome life’s obstacles. How to cite Black Friday Descriptive Essay, Essays

Ventures Strategic Innovation And Thinking -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Ventures Strategic Innovation And Thinking? Answer: Introduction This paper depicts the importance of using proper application of design thinking tool for developing the current status of entrepreneurship in business organization. In order to improve the current status of the business organizations it is necessary for the organizations to improve the business situation. In this paper, I will represent my personnel experiences about the role of design thinking tools and technologies in the entrepreneurship development. In order to identify the behaviors with required development proper key events and development activities are required to be undertaken by the system developers. I have realized that, in order to improve the exiting situation of the enterprises based on the type of the business proper design thinking is needed to be applied. The way through which the design thinking tools should be used for the organizational improvement and even how the design thinking tools help to develop the frame of the system, are also elaborated in this paper. I will also demonstrate the experiences I have gained from the content of blog 6. I have learned that, design thinking is referred to as a system that overlapped three different components including viability, desirability and reliability as well. After addressing three of these perspectives innovation in systems become possible accordingly. In addition to this, within the organizational teams the innovation is also possible with the support of Design Thinking (DT) tools. Control over the re- thinking and the prioritize activities are needed to develop business plan for providing project direction. Experience on the topic of Design Thinking tool Design Thinking (DT) Tool is referred to as a components overlapped system. In this system three different components viability, desirability and feasibility are being overlapped to each other. I have learned that different design thinking tools are there however based upon the type of the businesses the system developers are required to adopt proper design thinking tool for their system development (Sniukas, Lee Morasky, 2016). I have experienced that many design thinking tool are there such as virtualization, customer journey mapping, stakeholder mapping, value chain analysis, mind mapping, prototype development, assumption testing, development of rapid concept, learning launches, storytelling, consumer co-creation etc. Though, all of these tools are not equally viable but at the same time, some of these tools are very much reliable. I have learned that, for the entrepreneurial improvement the most effective design thinking tools are rapid prototyping and customer journey mapping (Arastoopour et al., 2016). With the help of two of these design thinking tools the enterprises will be able to gain effective success throughout. Different Design Thinking Tools In order to identify and execute the opportunities for entrepreneurial growth and innovation, different design thinking tools are there. Visualization is all about the imagination, however it is not about drawing rather it is similar to visual thinking approaches. With the help of this particular approach the rate of possibility of the mental unmatched models will get reduced (Geissdoerfer, Bocken Hultink, 2016). On the other hand another design thinking tools is consumers journey mapping. I have learned that with the help of consumers journey mapping approach the enterprises will be able to serve as per the requirement of the consumer. The directional flow of the consumers for a particular enterprise could be determined easily with the help of the journey mapping. Even though with the help of journey mapping design thinking tool the system designers will be able to get to know about the requirement of the consumers (Filatro, Cavalcanti Muckenberger, 2017). Considering the requirem ent of the consumers if the enterprise develops their business units and components then, it will help the company to gain competitive advantages and measurable effective structured revenue. I realized that the design thinking tools show direction of incubating ideas and creativities towards success. Through the application of creative level solutions on design thinking the five different phases those the enterprises are required to go through include empathize, define, ideation, prototype and testing (Seidel Fixson, 2013). If all these five phases are covered accordingly then, certain answers will be generated. In order to gain success in the competitive market, the initial thing that is needed to be considered is identification of the risks. Application of the Design Thinking Tools After identification of the risks, the approaches by which the challenges could be mitigated are also determined. I erudite that in the define phase the findings will be interpreted by the system designers and after that based on the risks and risk mitigation strategies new ideas must be created to resolve the preliminarily identified issues (Nobeoka Kimura, 2016). I have learned that in order to formulate the ideas prototype model should be developed. With the help of prototype design before the final implementation of the model the system developer will get to know about the model details. If any additional changes are needed then as per the requirement of the consumers those could be added to the designed prototype. After building the ideas in the prototype model, in the testing phase the ideas should be improved accordingly. I have learned that, in order to execute the thought successfully all the design thinking phases and the design thinking tools are needed to be used properl y (Leonard, Fitzgerald Riordan, 2016). In order to implement the creativity properly selection and application of design thinking tools are very much important. Impact of Design Thinking Tools Another important design thinking tool is the rapid prototyping and rapid concept development. I have learned that technology is evolving day by day and in order to meet the requirement it is very much necessary for the system developers to consider the evolving technologies accurately. With the help of the identification of the technologies properly, the design thinking tools could be applied accordingly. If the system developer fails to identify the technologies properly then the idea will not be evolved according to the requirement of the consumers (Liedtka, 2014). Mind mapping is another helpful design thinking tool that is used to represent the ideas with proper connection and links. In order to generate, visualize, structure and classify the ideas again this particular design thinking tool is very much helpful. Mind mapping also helps to display information accurately by allowing the themes to get merged with the patterns. Again another powerful communication tool is the mind m apping. With the help of mind mapping, all the components will be able to create strong relationship between each other and again those will help to maximize the clarity of the components by simplifying them (Moreira, Tschimmel Xavier, 2014). I think that rapid prototyping is the most important and beneficial design thinking tools that help the system developers to define the creativity in terms of its development in the real world. I learned that the rapid prototyping allows the system developers to make abstract advanced ideas tangibly to the potential partners and consumers. Knowledge gained from workshop I also learned that, the components associated to rapid prototyping are user scenario, storyboarding, journey based on the experience and illustration of the business concept. On the other hand, consumer co-creation is another important design thinking tools that is widely used by different organizations to meet the requirement of the consumers. Not only this but also, I have attended a workshop and the outline of the workshop include learning launch, real launch, launch readiness plan etc (Nobeoka Kimura, 2016). I learned that the learning objectives of the design it project is to develop planning, execution and review the learning lunch plan. Not only this but also in order to launch the innovation plan for any nominated topic it is necessary to understand the details of the design approach by breaking it down in different segments. The learning launch plan includes different segments such as experiment in the marketplace with quicker and inexpensive model base. Additionally, I also realized that, based on the type of the business proper design thinking tool is required to be used by the system developers to customize the behavior of the designer towards the model development. I learned that, the behavior of the consumers towards the service providers varies based upon their nature towards the consumers (Seidel Fixson, 2013). After comparing the behavior of the real word consumers and the consumers belongs to the hypothetical world I realized that launch plan developed by the developers must be based upon the demand and behavior of the consumers towards their services and products as well. I have learned that for implementing any project the most important phase that is required to be considered is the testing phase (Filatro, Cavalcanti, Muckenberger 2017). Through the help of the testing phase, the system developers will be able to make necessary changes in the system as per the requirement of the consumers. I came to know that, design thinking approach and role of entrepreneurship in the business development are closely interrelated to each other. Even, in order to understand the relationship between the service providers and consumers it is very much necessary for the system developers to make details analysis on the design thinking tools. I earned that design thinking tool and entrepreneurship are two completely different things. Over the past two to three decades, people have started understanding the importance of innovation in the corporate competitiveness for gaining global economic growth (Glen, Suciu Baughn, 2014). During the workshop session I also studied that, in order to support the enterprise based outlines it is necessary to follows all the design thinking tools components step by step. Almost each large enterprise are using the approach of design thinking tool currently including Apple Inc, Dyson, PG etc. On the other hand, the SMEs are also currently using the concept of design thinking tool for the development of their services and products as well. I came to know that the role of the entrepreneurs is to undertake the business ideas tangibly and make it much concrete (James, 2015). In order to develop the newly developed venture plan it is necessary for the entrepreneurs to afford the business incubation properly. Not only for the existing firms but also for the start up firms also the service providers are required to consider proper design thinking tool. After attending the arranged workshops I learned that, the connection between the design thinking tool, business incubation and innovation is very strong. Four different segments are there such as design thinking, innovation, business incubation and design driven innovation those are required to be considered for the implementation of business success (Johansson?Skldberg, Woodilla etinkaya, 2013). For the successful implementation of the business it is necessary to illustrate both the theoretical as well as practical application. If the project developers fail to adopt proper design thinking tool for the business development then the execution might face several challenges and major failure as well. Learning from Workshop I learned that before the adoption of the design thinking tool it is necessary for the system developers to understand the details of their service details and products quality as well. Even they should also assume the launching details at the testing phase. In addition to this, for measuring the success of the products or service it is necessary for the management authority to adopt proper measurement metric and total capital to be invested for the implementation of the innovation. I learned that for the successful implementation of any project the project triple constraints are needed to be considered including time, cost and project goal. In order to meet the project objectives the project developers should allot proper time limit for the project designing and its implementation and according to the allotted time phase accurate budget should also be considered to avoid the higher level of financial crisis. During the workshop besides the positive impact if design it I also came to know about the negative impact of the design thinking tool. If the service provider fails to meet the expectation of the consumers then according to the changing requirement of the consumers they will have to change the content of the design (Filatro, Cavalcanti Muckenberger, 2017). There are two different models of design thinking approaches are there those are helpful for the acquisition of technology and exploration of the key elements of technology and innovation as well. The two models of innovation are the closed innovation model and open innovation model. Both of these models are very helpful for the implementation of the business models using the design thinking tools. Again n order to gain measurable success from the competitive market it is necessary to identify the risks or problems those might raise or interrupt the general flow of business process (Huq et al., 2017). The problems must be identif ied initially and based upon the identification proper risks mitigation plans are also required to be developed. I have learned with the help of proper risk mitigation plan the issues associated to exploration of prototype could be resolved accordingly. The honest and creative feedback must be considered for the improvement of the business processes. In order to implement the business approaches properly information are required to be collected and those must be analyzed accordingly. Based upon the collected information and their details another important thing that is needed to be considered includes immediate observation and analysis as well. I think that my personnel knowledge on design thinking tools and its application has been grown up. I can now apply the design thinking tool for developing the existing operation and functional situation of an organization (Johansson?Skldberg, Woodilla etinkaya, 2013). Now I can apply the design thinking tool to reduce the operation complexities of the enterprises and took proper decision for measurable revenue of the business organization. Not only this but also my strengths have been developed after the adoption of the design thinking tools. The set of strength gained from the lessons are as follows: It helps me to develop creative approach regarding different issues those could have been solved It helps to generate set of possible ideas to resolve the operational issues It helps to design more tangible ideas about the problem statements I have taken part in prototype designing on entrepreneurship. Before the implementation of the prototype model we have studied also attend the last weeks prototyping activities. However, my learning group and project group are different (Filatro, Cavalcanti Muckenberger, 2017). I also realized that among each phases of business process development the most effective phase is the project launch phase. N this phase the project developer launches the ideas which help to determine the progress of innovation and if the developers fail to launch the ideas on time then the ideas will be lost or killed due to delay (Glen, Suciu Baughn, 2014). I think that, in order to plan a real launch progress of the solution or innovations are very much important. I learned that different launch activities are there however, based on the business topic, proper launch plan should be adopted by the management authority and the system developers. I think that the ideas and knowledge I have gained from the workshop will help me throughout in my career development phase. bI can utilize those ideas and design thinking approaches while developing ay real world project for any business enterprise (James, 2015). Though, there are different design thinking tools but I think that among them the most appreciable tool is the rapid prototyping and rapid project concept development. I think that, innovation plan and marketing plan are the two most important things those I should consider before the implementation of the business as an innovation. For any new project the common business aspects are business plan, business case, marketing plan and career plan as well (Johansson?Skldberg, Woodilla etinkaya, 2013). All these plans are needed to be considered for the improvement of the business structure. However, proper monitoring and control over the project progress will help the enterprise to gain competitive advantages from the competit ive marketplace. Development of an Action Plan After getting feedback from the users the design thinking processes are re4flected and shared out. The action Plan for the coming 6 months is as follows: WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors 0 Action Plan development 180 days Mon 10/12/09 Fri 6/18/10 1 Focus on the trends of enterprises and business processes 33 days Mon 10/12/09 Wed 11/25/09 1.1 Political needs 12 days Mon 10/12/09 Tue 10/27/09 1.2 Social needs 6 days Wed 10/28/09 Wed 11/4/09 2 1.3 Technical needs 7 days Thu 11/5/09 Fri 11/13/09 3 1.4 Economical needs 8 days Mon 11/16/09 Wed 11/25/09 4 2 Strategic planning development 43 days Thu 11/26/09 Mon 1/25/10 2.1 Understanding clients requirements 9 days Thu 11/26/09 Tue 12/8/09 5 2.2 Analyzing competitive market 20 days Wed 12/9/09 Tue 1/5/10 7 2.3 Developing partnership 9 days Wed 1/6/10 Mon 1/18/10 8 2.4 Scanning external environment 5 days Tue 1/19/10 Mon 1/25/10 9 3 Initial agreement development 27 days Tue 1/26/10 Wed 3/3/10 3.1 Identifying mandatory plans 7 days Tue 1/26/10 Wed 2/3/10 10 3.2 Mission vision development 5 days Thu 2/4/10 Wed 2/10/10 12 3.3 Understanding internal market 7 days Thu 2/11/10 Fri 2/19/10 13 3.4 Strategic issues analysis 8 days Mon 2/22/10 Wed 3/3/10 14 4 Development of business strategies 34 days Thu 3/4/10 Tue 4/20/10 4.1 Major proposal implementation 8 days Thu 3/4/10 Mon 3/15/10 15 4.2 Work program development 7 days Tue 3/16/10 Wed 3/24/10 17 4.3 Understanding the Practical alternatives 7 days Thu 3/25/10 Fri 4/2/10 18 4.4 Resource planning 5 days Mon 4/5/10 Fri 4/9/10 19 4.5 Review on current business situation 7 days Mon 4/12/10 Tue 4/20/10 20 5 Defining project problems 23 days Wed 4/21/10 Fri 5/21/10 5.1 Collecting and analyzing information 6 days Wed 4/21/10 Wed 4/28/10 21 5.2 Clarification and prioritization of problems 7 days Thu 4/29/10 Fri 5/7/10 23 5.3 Development of goal statement for each solution 7 days Mon 5/10/10 Tue 5/18/10 24 5.4 Solution implementation: The action plan 3 days Wed 5/19/10 Fri 5/21/10 25 6 Monitoring and evaluation of the actions 20 days Mon 5/24/10 Fri 6/18/10 6.1 Start with analysis of new problems 2 days Mon 5/24/10 Tue 5/25/10 26 6.2 Defining project problems 2 days Wed 5/26/10 Thu 5/27/10 28 6.3 Defining design thinking tools 4 days Fri 5/28/10 Wed 6/2/10 29 6.4 Selecting the most appropriate design thinking tool 4 days Thu 6/3/10 Tue 6/8/10 30 6.5 Collecting and analyzing information 3 days Wed 6/9/10 Fri 6/11/10 31 6.6 Clarification and prioritization of problems 3 days Mon 6/14/10 Wed 6/16/10 32 6.7 Development of goal statement for each solution 2 days Thu 6/17/10 Fri 6/18/10 33 (Source: Created by Author) Conclusion From the overall discussion I can conclude that in order to gain measurable success from the competitive market proper design thinking tools are required to be considered. Based on the research field, proper design thinking tool should be considered. In order to resolve those some of the issues associated to Design Thinking approaches include certain steps, I think that after the adoption of these steps the issues could be minimized completely. I learned that at first I have to identify the risk, then based upon the risk empathy and perspective thinking are required. I realized that after those ideas will be generated through which the primary design could be stretched. After gathering information from the consumers or users the prototype test refine could be developed. References Arastoopour, G., Shaffer, D. W., Swiecki, Z., Ruis, A. R., Chesler, N. C. (2016). Teaching and assessing engineering design thinking with virtual internships and epistemic network analysis.International Journal of Engineering Education,32(2). Filatro, A., Cavalcanti, C. C., Muckenberger, E. (2017). Design Thinking and Online Education. Geissdoerfer, M., Bocken, N. M., Hultink, E. J. (2016). Design thinking to enhance the sustainable business modelling processA workshop based on a value mapping process.Journal of Cleaner Production,135, 1218-1232. Glen, R., Suciu, C., Baughn, C. (2014). The need for design thinking in business schools.Academy of Management Learning Education,13(4), 653-667. Huq, A., Huq, A., Gilbert, D., Gilbert, D. (2017). All the worldsa stage: transforming entrepreneurship education through design thinking.Education+ Training,59(2), 155-170. James, M. (2015). Design Thinking and the Internal: A Case Study. Johansson?Skldberg, U., Woodilla, J., etinkaya, M. (2013). Design thinking: past, present and possible futures.Creativity and Innovation Management,22(2), 121-146. Koh, J. H. L., Chai, C. S., Benjamin, W., Hong, H. Y. (2015). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and design thinking: A framework to support ICT lesson design for 21st century learning.The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher,24(3), 535-543. Leonard, S. N., Fitzgerald, R. N., Riordan, G. (2016). Using developmental evaluation as a design thinking tool for curriculum innovation in professional higher education.Higher Education Research Development,35(2), 309-321. Liedtka, J. (2014). Innovative ways companies are using design thinking.Strategy Leadership,42(2), 40-45. Melles, G., Anderson, N., Barrett, T., Thompson-Whiteside, S. (2015). Problem Finding through Design Thinking in Education. InInquiry-Based Learning for Multidisciplinary Programs: A Conceptual and Practical Resource for Educators(pp. 191-209). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Moreira, R., Tschimmel, K., Xavier, A. (2014, January). Design Thinking applied in Product Innovation Strategies. InISPIM Conference Proceedings(p. 1). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Newman, P., Ferrario, M. A., Simm, W., Forshaw, S., Friday, A., Whittle, J. (2015, May). The role of design thinking and physical prototyping in social software engineering. InProceedings of the 37th International Conference on Software Engineering-Volume 2(pp. 487-496). IEEE Press. Nobeoka, K., Kimura, M. (2016, September). Art thinking beyond design thinking Mazda design: Car as art. InManagement of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), 2016 Portland International Conference on(pp. 2499-2514). IEEE. Seidel, V. P., Fixson, S. K. (2013). Adopting design thinking in novice multidisciplinary teams: The application and limits of design methods and reflexive practices.Journal of Product Innovation Management,30(S1), 19-33. Sniukas, M., Lee, P., Morasky, M. (2016).The Art of Opportunity: How to Build Growth and Ventures Through Strategic Innovation and Visual Thinking. John Wiley Sons.

Protecting Consumers Using Postal Commerce -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Protecting Consumers Using Postal Commerce? Answer: Introduction The first and the most essential aspects are offer and acceptance. There must be a lawful offer from one party and a valid acceptance by the other party (Smits 2017). This is the basic and the first requirement in order to form a valid contract. In this context, It is another rule of contract law that after the offeror makes an offer to the offeree and when the offeree provides a counter offer, the original offer gets destroyed and the original offeror becomes the offeree and the offeree becomes the offeror. In the case of Hyde v Wrench(1840) 49 ER 132, Wrench had offered Hyde to sell an estate for 1000 pounds, to which, Hyde made a counter offer that whether the estate could be bought for 950 pounds (Poole Shaw-Mellors and Devenney 2017). Hence, in this case, it was held that the original contract of sale by Wrench was destroyed and the counter offer made by Wrench was a new offer, where Wrench became the offeree and Hyde became the offeror. Another rule of contract law is that an offer can be revoked at any time before its acceptance. However, such revocation must be brought to the notice of the offeree, otherwise it has no effect. In DICKINSON V. DODDS [1876] 2 CHD 463, Dodds offered Dickinson to sale a house for $800 and stated in his offer later that the deal was open till 12 June, 9 am. On the 11th of June, Dodds sold it to another person and Dickinson got to know of it from another person and had sent a formal letter of acceptance to the offer to Dodds before the end of the stipulated time of the offer. It was held that no acceptance was made and offeree was aware of Dodds being no longer minded to sell the house to him beforehand and therefore the offer was withdrawn validly (Jones 2017). Application: In the given case, John Doe made an offer to sell 1000 tons of Barley to Tom Jones for $1000 per ton, which he would deliver in 60 days and payment was to be made in cash. To this offer, tom Jones made a counter offer that he would like to pay the amount in four installments. Therefore, according the common law of contract, due to the counter offer of Tom Jones (offeree), the original offer of John Doe (offeror) got destroyed and the counter offer gave rise to a new offer, where Tom Jones became the offeror and John Doe became the offeree and this rule shall apply here in accordance with the decision in the case of Hyde v Wrench. The offer made by John Doe was open till 22nd and the counter offer by Tom Jones was made on 17th August. After receiving the letter on 18th August, John Doe immediately replied to tom Jones that he will not sale the barley if the payment is not made in cash and therefore, rejected the offer or revoked it, which was received by Tom Jones on 20th August. But before receiving this letter he had already sent another letter, accepting Johns first offer, before receiving which, John had already sold the barley to another. Therefore, as the counter offer constituted a new offer and John had rejected it, about which Tom had knowledge, it can be said that there was no acceptance of such offer by John and according to the common law and from the decision in DICKINSON V. DODDS, there was no formation of a contract and the offer was validly withdrawn by John. Therefore, in the given case, there was no formation of contract as the original offer was destroyed by the counter offer and there was no acceptance of the counter offer by John Doe. Is John Doe legally obliged to wait until the 22nd August to sell the 1000 tonnes of barley in his letter of the 15th August? Relevant rule: In contract law, there are exceptions to the general rule of offer and acceptance that acceptance is done, when directly communicated to the offeror. These are called the postal rules of contract law. When offer and acceptance is to done by post, it may create certain delays and gaps in communication between the parties (Hearn 2017). The postal rules were established for such purpose in the cases of Adams v Lindsell [1818] 1 B andHenthorn v Fraser [1892]. It was held that when offer is made by post by an offeror, the acceptance or rejection is said to be done by the offeree, as soon as such acceptance or rejection is posted by the offeree as a reply to such offer (Todd 2017). Moreover, it is also a rule under the common law that an offer can be rejected at anytime by the offeree and such revocation must be in the knowledge of the offeror.In the given case, the postal rules, as have been applied in the cases of Adams v Lindsell [1818] 1 B andHenthorn v Fraser [1892], the postal rules of contract law will apply as the offer and counter offer were made by post. Although the stipulated time of acceptance of the offer was 22nd August, Tom Jones did not accept the offer and made a counter offer, which destroyed the original offer and as John Doe, immediately revoked such counter offer as soon as he received the counter offer. Therefore, according to the postal rules of contract, the moment John had posted the rejection of the offer, the offer was revoked, without any regards to Toms last letter for acceptance of the first offer, made by John. As John had rejected the offer at the time when he posted it, he could sell the barley without waiting till the end of t he stipulated time of his first offer i.e. till 22nd August, which was destroyed by the counter offer. Therefore, based on the postal rules of contract, John has no legal obligation to wait till 22nd August for selling the barley as per his offer made on 15th August. According to the common law, the contents of a contract are the terms of such contract, which state the obligations of each party to a contract. It is very much necessary to determine whether a statement or representation is a term of contract or not (OLeary 2017). Terms of a contract can be classified into: Conditions- These are the major terms and are at the heart of the contract. In case of breach of such terms, the aggrieved party can either terminate the contract and or sue for damages Warranties- These are less important or minor terms of contract and in case of breach, the aggrieved party cannot terminate the contract but can sue for damages. Intermediate terms- These terms fall between the condition and warranty and are divided according to the relative seriousness of the consequences of the breach. Remedies for breach of terms depend on how the court views the seriousness of the consequences of the breach i.e. whether it is a breach of condition or warranty. On the other hand, terms of a contract can be expressed or implied. Expressed terms of contract are those which are clearly and expressly mentioned in the contract and implied terms of contract are those which are not expressly mentioned but are implied by courts, statutes or customs (Austen-Baker 2017). The expressed terms are divided under the broad categories of condition and warranty. It is very essential determine if a party has entered into a contract due to a particular term. In the given case, Gorpal wanted to buy a Mercedez Benz cruiser for starting a business as a taxi driver, for which, he approached his friend Alistair, a MercBenz car dealer. Alistair offered the car to Gorpal for $50,000 and said that he had a shipment of the required vehicles, which he expected to arrive by the end of the week. Due to such statement made by Alistair, Gorpal entered into the contract with him and hence it can be treated as an expressed condition for entering into the contract. But, Alistair failed to provide the car within the stipulated time and Gorpal bought the same car from another dealer due to such delay. As the time of delivery, as mentioned by Alistair was an expressed condition for Gorpal to enter into the contract, there was a breach of such expressed condition and according to the common law, when there is a breach of a condition, the aggrieved party can sue for damages and or terminate the contract. According to the common law, there are five basic remedies for a breach of expressed contract terms: rescission, restitution, reformation, money damages and specific performance. An award for money damage includes an amount of money, which is given as compensation for the financial losses occurred, which is caused due to the breach of a contract (Dobbs and Caprice 2017). In case of breach of expressed terms, parties are entitled to the total amount of gain or profit that would have resulted, but for the breach. The extent of the damages to be recovered is governed by the type of breach. Moreover, as stated earlier in case of a breach of an expressed condition of a contract, the aggrieved party can claim damages and or sue for damages (Carter Wayne and Gregory 2017). In the given case, Gorpal entered into the contract with Alistair due to the statement made by Alistair of delivering the car within a week. This was an expressed condition based on which Gorpal entered the contract because he wanted to start a taxi business as early as possible. Alistair failed to deliver the car with in the stipulated time, due to which Gorpal bought the same car from another dealer, which took another 6 weeks. According to the common law, Gorpal can either cancel the contract or and sue Alaister for damages. As due to Alistairss breach, Gorpal was delayed in starting his business, he has the option to repudiate the contract and or sue for monetary damages for the financial loss that he had suffered throughout the stipulated time of one week and the further six weeks, due to the delay of the car delivery by Alistair. Conclusion Therefore, apart from repudiating the contract, monetary damages are available to Gorpal for the financial losses suffered by him due to Alistairs breach of condition. References: Austen-Baker, Richard.Implied terms in English contract law. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. Carter, J. W., Wayne Courtney, and Gregory Tolhurst. "AN ASSIMILATED APPROACH TO DISCHARGE FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT BY DELAY."The Cambridge Law Journal76, no. 1 (2017): 63-86. Dobbs, Dan, and Caprice Roberts.Law of remedies: damages, equity, restitution. West Academic, 2017. Hearn, John. "Protecting Consumers Using Postal and E-Commerce Delivery Services in Competitive European Markets." InThe Changing Postal and Delivery Sector, pp. 127-137. Springer, Cham, 2017. Jones, Lucy.Introduction to business law. Oxford University Press, 2017. Ktz, Hein.European contract law. Oxford University Press, 2017. OLeary, Leanne. "Introduction." InEmployment and Labour Relations Law in the Premier League, NBA and International Rugby Union, pp. 1-18. TMC Asser Press, The Hague, 2017. Poole, Jill, Adam Shaw-Mellors, and James Devenney.Contract law concentrate: law revision and study guide. Oxford University Press, 2017. Smits, Jan M., ed.Contract law: a comparative introduction. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. Todd, Paul.E-commerce Law. Taylor Francis, 2017.